Scientists analyze in depth the basic molecular mechanisms of self-renewal and differentiation of intestinal stem cells

In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Cell Biology entitled "Non-canonical Wnt/PCP signaling regulates intestinal stem cell lineage priming towards enteroendocrine and Paneth cell fates", scientists from institutions such as the German Centre for Environmental Health Research have solved the molecular mechanisms of self-renewal and differentiation of intestinal stem cells.
The gut plays a key role in regulating the body's metabolism and abnormal manifestations associated with a variety of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, colitis and colorectal cancer, which affect the health of millions of people worldwide;
why is the gut so important to body health research? Researcher Heiko Lickert says that as the body's digestion and largest endocrine system, the gut plays an important role in regulating the body's physical fitness and glucose balance, and that the function of the gut is done by specialized cells that are constantly produced and updated from intestinal stem cells every 3-4 days β
Another important intestinal function is performed through so-called Paneth cells, which produce defenses and protect the body from foreign pathogens; In the
article, researchers delved into how intestinal stem cells continue to update and produce special cell types at unprecedented single-cell resolution, and now they are able to describe the potential groups of ancestral cells in each intestinal cell, and they point out that intestinal stem cells in each line of spectrum can produce monopotentous ancestral cells.
addition, the researchers identified a specific intestinal stem cell habitat signaling path path (Wnt/planar cell polarity path path, which regulates self-renewal and genealogy decision-making in intestinal stem cells).
This is important because intestinal stem cells can infinitely renew and maintain barriers to intestinal function and tissue, the body has 6 meters of endoskin tissue, and produces more than 100 million cells a day, and these cells can differentiate into each cell type, so the risk of chronic disease due to the failure of this self-renewal or genealogy decision-making process is quite high.
Using professional terminology, the researchers were able to describe a detailed intestinal stem cell linee tree and identify a new habitat signal, and to achieve these breakthrough results, the researchers used different reported mouse linelogies, combined with genome-wide and targeted single-cell gene expression analysis, to time-identify genealogy markers for rare intestinal linelogies and to analyze genealogical decision-making mechanisms for intestinal stem cells.
They analyzed 60,000 intestinal cells, and to analyze the data set, researchers used newly developed machine learning techniques to automatically identify branch linelogies and key influences in gene expression space, and the results were broadly applicable, as were studies of cancer, inflammation, colitis, obesity and diabetes.
Heiko Lickert, a researcher at the end of the study, said the study challenges current patterns and advances a deep understanding of intestinal stem cell self-renewal, heterogeneity, and genealogy recruitment; now we can use basic knowledge to map changes in the distribution and differentiation of intestinal stem cell linees during the onset of chronic diseases, and the results may help us develop disease-specific therapies by targeting progenitocytes, such as regenerating specific cells that are missing during disease progression, or identifying and eradicating intestinal cancer cells.
: Bottcher, A., Büttner, M., Tritschler, S. et al. Non-canonical Wnt/PCP signalling regulates intestinal stem cell lineage priming towards enteroendocrine and Paneth cell fates. Nat Cell Biol 23, 23–31 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41556-020-00617-2(2) Open basic mechanisms of the stemintestinal cell self-renewal and derivionion by Helmholtz Zentrum München This article was originally sourced from Bio Valley, for more information please download Bio Valley APP (