Scientists analyze in depth the basic molecular mechanisms of self-renewal and differentiation of intestinal stem cells

Why is the gut so important for body health research? Researcher Heiko Lickert says that as the body's digestion and largest endocrine system, the gut plays an important role in regulating the body's physical volume and glucose balance, and that the function of the gut is done by specialized cells that are constantly produced and updated from intestinal stem cells every 3-4 days β
Another important intestinal function is performed through so-called Paneth cells, which produce defenses and protect the body from foreign pathogens; In the
article, researchers delved into how intestinal stem cells continue to update and produce special cell types at unprecedented single-cell resolution, and now they are able to describe the potential groups of ancestral cells in each intestinal cell, and they point out that intestinal stem cells in each line of spectrum can produce monopotentous ancestral cells.
addition, the researchers identified a specific intestinal stem cell habitat signaling path path (Wnt/planar cell polarity path path, which regulates self-renewal and genealogy decisions of intestinal stem cells).
This is important because intestinal stem cells can infinitely update and maintain barriers to intestinal function and tissue, the body has 6 meters of endostrophyte tissue, and produces more than 100 million cells a day, in addition to the ability of these cells to differentiate into each cell type, so the risk of chronic diseases due to the failure of this self-renewal or genealogy decision-making process is quite high.
Using professional terminology, the researchers were able to describe a detailed intestinal stem cell line tree and identify a new habitat signal, and to achieve these breakthrough results, the researchers used different reported mouse linelogies, combined with genome-wide and targeted single-cell gene expression analysis, to time-resolution genealogy markers for rare intestinal linelogies, and to analyze genealogical decision-making mechanisms for intestinal stem cells.
They analyzed 60,000 intestinal cells, and to analyze the data set, the researchers used newly developed machine learning techniques to automatically identify branch linelogies and key influences in the gene expression space, and the results were broadly applicable, as were studies of cancer, inflammation, colitis, obesity and diabetes.
Heiko Lickert, a final researcher, said the study challenges current patterns and advances a deep understanding of intestinal stem cell self-renewal, heterogeneity, and genealogy recruitment; now we can use basic knowledge to map changes in the distribution and differentiation of intestinal stem cell linees during the onset of chronic diseases, and the results may help us develop disease-specific therapies by targeting progenito cells, such as regenerating specific cells that are missing during disease progression, or identifying and eradicating intestinal cancer cells.
: Bottcher, A., Büttner, M., Tritschler, S. et al. Non-canonical Wnt/PCP signalling regulates intestinal stem cell lineage priming towards enteroendocrine and Paneth cell fates. Nat Cell Biol 23, 23–31 (2021). doi：10.1038/s41556-020-00617-2 【2】Uncovering basic mechanisms of intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation by Helmholtz Zentrum München