Science Translational Medicine: 1 g can poison millions of people, the world's strongest poison botulinum toxin, there is an antidote!

Botulinum toxin, or Botulinum Toxin for short, is a neurotoxin protein produced by the deadly Botox during reproduction and is by far the most toxic biotoxin ever found, with a lethal dose of 1 sodium/kg body weight for humans, meaning that 1 g botulinum toxin can poison 2 million people weighing 50 kg.
because botulinum toxin can temporarily paralyze muscles, the medical community originally used botulinum toxin to treat facial spasms and other muscle movement disorders.
treatment, Botox has an unusual function in eliminating wrinkles, so the injection of botulinum toxin to remove wrinkles is now popular all over the world.
Botox appears in bacteria born in poorly preserved food and infected wounds, Botox poisoning is rare and less than 200 cases are recorded each year.
but with the popularity of botulinum toxin cosmetic surgery, there may also be operational errors leading to poisoning, and because botulinum toxin is extremely toxic, it can also be used as a chemical and biological weapon.
The current treatment for botulinum toxin poisoning is antibody cocktail therapy, which can make the blood toxin infested, but these antibodies can not enter the nerve, when the symptoms of poisoning appear, some toxins have entered the nerve, antibodies have been unable to reach, poisoning will appear persistent nerve block and muscle paralysis, must rely on intensive care and ventilators to survive, treatment is very expensive, once a large-scale outbreak, will make the medical system collapse.
January 6, 2021, the journal Science Translational Pharmaceutical published two papers from different teams studying Botox antidotes.
two research teams have developed a similar approach that combines antibodies that are capable of meso-toxin with modified botulinum toxins, which better enter the nerve and remove botulinum toxins from previously untouchable nerves.
Using this method, the team successfully saved mice, guinea pigs and monkeys from botulinum toxin poisoning, which, if equally effective in humans, would be the first drug to reverse the effects of endotoxin paralysis, eliminating the need for ventilators to survive.
team from New York University and Boston Children's Hospital used an ingenious method to successfully enter nerve cells with botulinum toxin antibodies.
team modified botulinum toxin, which is no longer lethal and has better access to nerve cells.
the team then combined nanoantibodies from alpacas with modified botulinum toxins, which are like "Trojan horses."
the treated nanoantibodies into the nerves, and then nanoantibodies quickly toned the botulinum toxin.
two research teams tested the therapeutic effect of this method in mice, guinea pigs and monkeys.
, six monkeys with botulinum toxin poisoning survived the treatment, while seven untreated monkeys did not survive 3.5 days.
it is understood that both research teams are seeking FDA approval for the treatment, which can be licensed based on animal test results because the efficacy of testing a highly toxic toxin in humans is not ethical, but it is bound to be a longer and more difficult process, but fortunately, both studies are a good start.