[Science popularization of the Tu Society] Paint engineering science popularization encyclopedia, the decoration depends on it!

1.
Classification and use of paint.
Classification of paint 1.
According to location: paint can be divided into wall paint, wood paint and metal paint.

Wall paint is mainly latex paint and other varieties; wood paint is mainly nitrocellulose paint, polyurethane paint, etc.
; metal paint is mainly enamel paint.

2.
According to status: it can be divided into water-based paint and oil-based paint.

Water-based paint is mainly latex paint, while lacquer, polyurethane paint, etc.
are mostly oil-based paints.

3.
According to function: it can be divided into waterproof paint, fireproof paint, anti-mold paint, anti-mosquito paint and multifunctional paint with multiple functions.

4.
According to the action form: it can be divided into volatile paint and non-volatile paint.

5.
According to the surface effect: it can be divided into transparent paint, semi-transparent paint and opaque paint.

The use of paint 1.
Varnish: commonly known as Van Lishui, it is a kind of transparent paint without pigment.

Mainly used for woodware, furniture, etc.
, objects that are easily affected by moisture and heat should not be used.

2.
Clear oil: also known as cooked oil and lacquer oil, it is one of the basic paints for decorating doors and windows, wall skirts, heating covers, and supporting furniture in home decoration.

3.
Enamel: It is made of varnish as the base material, adding pigments and grinding, and the coating becomes magneto-optical color after drying, which is suitable for metal window screen grids, etc.

4.
Thick lacquer: also known as lead oil, widely used for the primer of the surface layer, and can also be used as the surface coating.

It is suitable for buildings with low requirements and wooden primers.

5.
Blended paint: also known as blended paint, suitable for indoor and outdoor metal, wood, and silicon wall surfaces.

　　6.
Anti-rust paint: The paint film is tough and durable, with good adhesion, suitable for base metal materials in coastal and temperate tropical areas.

　　7.
Alcohol-fat and acid paint: The organic solvents used, such as turpentine, have an unpleasant odor.
Special attention should be paid to choosing high-quality products.
After use, they must be properly ventilated before they can move in.

2.
The hazards and prevention of paint.
The main components of paint are oils, resins, pigments, thinners, and auxiliary materials, which contain hazardous substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, and TVOC.
Formaldehyde is the biggest hazard. 　　Although formaldehyde is not the main component of paint, it is used as a part of the paint to protect the quality of the paint and present the brightness after painting.

Formaldehyde has a strong stimulating effect on the skin and mucous membranes.
It is the combination of protoplasmic poison and protein, which can generate formaldehyde in the body, and it has strong damage to the retina.

　　Some paints use organic solvents.
If people breathe in the vapor of organic solvents for a long time, they will cause chronic poisoning.
Exposure to high-concentration organic solvent vapors for a short period of time will also cause acute poisoning and fatal danger.

Therefore, pay attention to safety during paint construction.

[Paint Hazard Prevention] 1.
Adequate ventilation after renovation: After the house is renovated, do not rush to move in.
The paint has been painted inside, and the harmful gas has not been discharged indoors.
If you want to reduce the harm caused by paint, you must guarantee it as early as possible After the renovation, if there is enough ventilation, stay in for more than two months.

If you are eager to move in, you need to rely on professionals for testing and management.
Check in after confirming that the standard is met.

　　2.
Place green plants indoors: some green plants can be placed indoors.
Under photosynthesis, plants will absorb gas in the air and emit gas suitable for human breathing.

But this method is slower.

Plants that can be placed include ivy, spider plant, prickly pear, aloe, etc.

3.
Precautions for paint purchase 1.
Look at the brand: At present, there are countless counterfeit products in the paint market, and some illegal commercial real barrels are filled with fake paint to deceive consumers.

Therefore, consumers should try their best to choose reputable brand paint when buying paint.

If you find quality problems, promptly complain and exchange the goods.

　　2.
Look at the packaging: The outer packaging of the regular product has a clear factory address, production date, and anti-counterfeiting mark.

The genuine packaging generally has no paint, unevenness, rust, etc.
, and the sealing is good.

In addition, fakes generally scrape off the date on the real barrel and leave some traces.

　　3.
Smell the smell: The truly environmentally friendly latex paint should be non-toxic and tasteless, while the low-grade water-soluble paint of the counterfeit latex paint contains formaldehyde and has a strong pungent smell. Open the lid and check before buying.
If there is a pungent smell, pay attention to it.

　　4.
Look at the fluidity: Take a stick, insert it into the paint bucket and stir.
If you use a lot of force at the beginning and less force at the end, such a product is a poor product, and a good paint should always feel strong.
Good products are the same.

Because a good coating has good fluidity.

Pick it up with a wooden stick.
When the high-quality latex paint flows down, it will become a fan.
If you touch it with your fingers, the genuine latex paint should feel smooth and delicate.

5.
Look at the weight: Generally speaking, a barrel of 5 liters of latex paint is about 7 kilograms, and a barrel of 18 liters is about 25 kilograms.
You can judge whether it is qualified by weighing the weight of the paint bucket.
In addition, There is also a simple method, that is to lift the paint bucket, the regular brand latex paint is generally not audible when shaking, and it is easy to shake to prove that the viscosity of the latex paint is insufficient.

4.
How to reduce paint loss 1.
Fundamental treatment of the new wall: When dressing and dressing the wall, all dust and foreign objects on the wall should be brushed off, all cracks and peeling places should be filled and leveled, and the wall should be ensured at the same time No salt, greasy material and dragon's spine.

During construction, cover all adjacent walls to avoid spraying paint.

　　2.
The basic treatment of the old wall: When dealing with the old wall, it is necessary to ensure that the base of the wall is firm.
It is best to wash the wall with a soda solution first, and then level the wall after it is cleaned.

3.
Construction method: In order to ensure the flatness and smoothness of the cover, it is suitable for spraying with a spray gun, and the parts that do not need to be sprayed need to be covered in advance.

　　4.
Construction environment: the best temperature for construction is 5-40 degrees, and the temperature is below 90%.

The wind speed during spraying should be less than 6 meters per second, and the supply pressure of the air compressor should be above 60 Newtons.

Five, the correct acceptance process of the paint project 1.
Touch the surface of the wood with your hand to see if it is smooth.
Make sure that there is no blistering or cracks, and the paint thickness should be balanced and the color should be consistent.

　　2.
In addition to the smooth and clean surface, the varnish has clear texture, no edges, flow and wrinkles on the surface, basically the same color, and no brush marks. 　　3.
There should be no missing or improper painting on the side and bottom of the furniture.

If the bottom surface is not visible, you can use the reflection of the mirror to observe.

　4.
The shape of furniture is changing more and more, and there are more joints in the corners of woodware.
There must be no bulging at the joints, and the horizontal and vertical deviation shall not be greater than 0.
5mm.

　　5.
The surface of the paint film must not have whitening or yellowing.
The surface must be saturated and clean to ensure that there are no particles.
The door lock must be protected when painting.