Sci Adv: Chinese researchers have developed high-performance cancer vaccine using new microcapsules

Introduction: As a treatment method of immunotherapy, cancer vaccine due to the body's microenvironment and other adverse factors, can not play its maximum effectiveness, but because of the cancer vaccine treatment potential, researchers have been constantly trying to improve and research new methods to achieve the desired results, but they are not satisfactoryA new therapeutic tumor vaccine based on self-healing polylactic acid microcapsules has been developed by a scientific team at the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which effectively activates the immune system and inhibits tumor developmentThe findings were published May 22 in Nature Communicationsimmunotherapy as a new treatment, its potential to treat cancer has long attracted the interest of researchersCancer vaccination is one of the immunotherapy methods, but its performance depends on the absorption of antigens, as well as the activation of specialized antigens (ApCs) and lymph node hosts to cause T-cell reactions, which then effect T-cells on tumor cell identification and removalHowever, micro-environmental factors in the body, etc., can make the direct use of tumor antigens become ineffectiveresearchers tried to break through the limitations of factors such as the microenvironment of the body by regulating the immune microenvironment of tumor vaccinationOne popular approach is to develop toll-like receptor agonists, such as CpG oligonooxy nucleotides, monophosphate afewinsors, and whiplash protein peptidesAccording to some reports, cell reactions are really improved by the combined action of these agonistsAnother option is to develop a nanoparticle transfer system, which can effectively enhance cell intake, APC activation, and cross-expression through surface functionalizationHowever, these methods are still less desirable because they focus only on a portion of the immune microenvironmentTherefore, it is still necessary to develop an easy way to build a common medium that can coordinate more aspects of the immune microenvironment, such as antigen release dynamics and APC absorptionscientists at the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,have developed a new therapeutic tumor vaccine based on self-healing polylactic acid microcapsules that effectively activate the immune system and inhibit tumor developmentThe study was published May 22 in The Science AdvancesThe research team, led by Professor Ma Guangliang and Professor Wei Wei of the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has designed and produced a variety of cancer vaccines in previous work These vaccines have been shown to be effective in different tumor models, such as lymphoma, melanoma and breast cancer but because of some limitations, researchers were forced to improve early cancer vaccines "Poor immune microenvironments, complex preparation processes and the need for frequent vaccinations have seriously affected vaccine performance," Ma said Therefore, we have designed a new type of high-efficiency cancer vaccine preparation based on microcapsules evaluate vaccination effectiveness with 4T1 new antigen peptides
this study represents the first time that researchers have used self-healing microcapsules for post-encapsulation in tumor vaccines, multiple loading and effective regulation of immune microenvironment functions this particular self-healing characteristic provides a mild and effective example for antigen microcysting After vaccination, these microcapsules can form a good immune microenvironment in situ, where antigens release power, absorb cellular behavior and acidic environments in a coordinated manner the vaccine has successfully improved the utilization of antigens, improved antigen presentation and activated antigen submission cells due to synergies "Therefore, the use of different types of antigens in different tumor models can lead to effective T-cell reactions, effective suppression of tumors, and anti-metastasis and prevention of postoperative recurrence," Wei said in addition, the researchers also verified the availability of new vaccine platforms for new antigen vaccines, which are consistent with precision medicine, Professor Wei said Thanks to the simple post-encapsulation process, clinicians are able to prepare new antigen preparations on their own at any time a peer reviewer in the journal Scientific Progress described the study as "comprehensive and rational." The reviewer also stressed that the results of the project were "impressive" and affirmed that the study "is of great value to therapeutic vaccines and cancer immunotherapy."