Rice and fishery integrated cultivation produces bumper harvests and landscapes

In recent years, China's rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding industry has continued to develop steadily, the production scale and output have expanded year by year, the development quality and efficiency and competitiveness have been steadily improved, the pace of regionalized layout, large-scale operation, standardized production and industrialization has accelerated, and its role in ensuring food security and stable supply of aquatic products, promoting agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income, and promoting rural revitalization has become more prominent
.

At present, China's rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding industry is facing new opportunities and challenges
from rapid growth to high-quality development.
In order to fully and accurately reflect the development of China's rice and fishery comprehensive farming and breeding industry in 2021, summarize the development results and experience, analyze the existing problems, study and judge the development trend, put forward development suggestions, and promote the high-quality development of the industry, under the guidance of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the "China Rice and Fishery Comprehensive Farming and Breeding Industry Development Report (2022)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") organized and compiled by the National Fishery Technology Extension Station and the Chinese Fisheries Society was recently released
.

The area of comprehensive rice and fishery cultivation is nearly 40 million mu

The "Report" pointed out that in 2021, China's rice and fishery comprehensive planting area was 39.
6612 million mu, rice output was nearly 20 million tons, and aquatic product output was 3.
5569 million tons (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, the same below).

The development of China's rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding industry has a high degree of concentration, with an area of more than 1 million mu in 10 provinces, followed by Hubei, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Henan, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and the area of 10 provinces accounts for 87.
71%
of the country.
Among them, the area of Hubei, Anhui, Hunan and Sichuan provinces accounts for 59.
04%
of the country.

In 2021, the national output of rice and fishery comprehensive cultivation and aquatic products was 3,556,900 tons, an increase of 307,700 tons year-on-year, an increase of 9.
47%; It accounted for 11.
17% of the national freshwater aquaculture output, an increase of 0.
64 percentage points year-on-year; according to China's fishery statistics, the division of freshwater aquaculture water types is second only to pond aquaculture output
.

The "Report" pointed out that in 2021, China's rice and fishery comprehensive breeding is divided according to the aquaculture objects, there are eight major models
of rice shrimp, rice fish, rice crab, rice turtle, rice loach, rice frog, rice snail, rice fish and duck.
The proportion of area of various models varies, among which the three major modes of rice shrimp, rice fish and rice crab account for a total of 96.
87%, and the other modes are less than 1%.

Rice and shrimp breeding is the first major mode of rice and fishery comprehensive breeding in China, mainly the continuous cropping and co-cropping mode of rice and shrimp integrated with breeding, and in recent years, the breeding separation mode and the "rice shrimp + N" rotation (co-cropping) mode have developed rapidly
.
In 2021, the national rice and shrimp cultivation area will be 21 million mu, accounting for 52.
95% of the national rice and fishery comprehensive breeding area and 80.
77% of the national crayfish breeding area; The output of aquatic products was 2.
2 million tons, accounting for 61.
85% of the national output of rice and fishery comprehensive aquatic products and 83.
54%
of the national crayfish aquaculture output.

Rice and fish seed culture is the second largest mode of rice and fishery comprehensive breeding in China, mainly the rice-fish co-cropping mode, and the breeding objects are mainly carp and its local strains
.
In 2021, the national rice and fish breeding area exceeded 15 million mu, accounting for 37.
84%
of the national rice and fishery comprehensive cultivation area.

Rice crab breeding is the third major mode of rice and fishery comprehensive breeding in China, mainly rice crab co-cropping mode, and the breeding objects are mainly river crab populations
in the Liaohe River system and the Yangtze River system.
In 2021, the national rice crab cultivation area was 2.
4 million mu, accounting for 6.
05%
of the national comprehensive rice and fishery cultivation area.

Advantageous areas for planting and breeding drive industrial development

In terms of industrial integration and development, China has basically formed a rice and shrimp breeding advantage area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a rice and fish breeding advantage area in the southern hilly mountains, and a rice crab breeding advantage area
in the three north areas 。 Among them, Hubei Province has incorporated the crayfish industry chain into the construction of ten key agricultural industrial chains, strengthened leading enterprises, adhered to joint farming with farmers, built well-known brands, strengthened scientific and technological support, and in 2021, the output of crayfish aquaculture exceeded the million-ton mark (rice shrimp cultivation and crayfish contributed the most, with an output of nearly 900,000 tons), and the comprehensive output value of the crayfish industry reached 132.
5 billion yuan.

Nanxian County, Hunan Province, as a typical county of the whole industrial chain of rice and shrimp, and Pengze County of Jiangxi Province, as a typical county of the whole industrial chain of crayfish, were selected as the key chain of the national agricultural industry chain and the construction list of typical counties of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
.

In terms of brand building, in promoting the development of rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding industry, all localities have taken brand building as an important starting point for improving the added value of products, promoting industrial agglomeration and standardized production, and promoting industrialization development, and cultivated a number of regional public brands with strong competitiveness, great influence and obvious driving role, and a number of enterprises and product brands
with excellent products, good reputation and high reputation.
The brand rice shrimp rice, rice fish rice and rice crab rice are widely recognized and welcomed
by consumers.
Well-known regional public brands such as Qianjiang lobster, Xuyi lobster, Nanxian crayfish, and Poyang Lake crayfish have effectively driven the development of
the rice and shrimp industry.

On the basis of improving and strengthening the rice and fishery comprehensive farming and breeding industry, some regions have actively expanded a variety of functions and tapped diversified values, and the comprehensive rice and fishery breeding has been deeply integrated with leisure, tourism, ecology, culture, education, health care, etc.
, and a large number of new forms of integration of agriculture, culture and tourism such as creative agriculture and leisure agriculture have emerged, which have played an important role
in promoting industrial quality and efficiency and increasing farmers' employment and income 。 Relying on the rice-fish symbiosis system, Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province actively explores effective ways to transform the brand value of agricultural cultural heritage into industrial economic value, builds a sightseeing base with rice-fish symbiosis characteristics, makes beautiful agricultural tourism landscapes, deeply explores cultural elements such as farming, folk customs and food, and holds cultural festivals such as celebrating the harvest festival of Chinese farmers, and integrates agriculture, tourism and culture, realizing the "cultivation of both harvest and scenery"
of rice fish farming 。 The integration model of "rice and fishery space" in Helan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, was selected as the third batch of typical cases of ecological product value realization by the Ministry of Natural Resources, and was promoted and replicated in Ningxia, and 15 "rice and fishery space" type leisure agricultural parks were built, receiving 1 million tourists every year
.
Jiangsu Province actively builds a pastoral complex integrating rice and fishery comprehensive planting and production, fishing, leisure and entertainment and special catering, and the pastoral complex in Weiji Town, Suining County, Xuzhou City, has effectively promoted the overall local industrial upgrading
by building a demonstration base of 10,000 mu of rice and crabs as a demonstration base, holding a rice and crab harvest festival and developing rural tourism.

Make overall plans to promote the development of integrated rice and fishery cultivation and breeding

2021 is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the State Council issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for Promoting Agricultural and Rural Modernization", proposing to "steadily develop integrated rice and fishery cultivation and breeding"; The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "14th Five-Year Plan" National Fishery Development Plan, which proposed "scientific and rational use of paddy resources and steady development of integrated rice and fishery cultivation"
.
All localities have incorporated the regulation and promotion of the development of comprehensive rice and fishery farming into various development plans, opinions and other documents in their regions, scientifically planned and promoted in an overall manner
.

In terms of projects and financial support, all localities have increased the overall use of fiscal funds and leveraged financial and social capital investment, which has provided important support
for the vigorous development of integrated rice and fishery cultivation.
Among them, Anhui Province has allocated 27.
2 million yuan from the central financial agricultural technology extension subsidy project for the construction of a demonstration base for rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding, included comprehensive rice and fishery cultivation into the scope of high-standard farmland construction, and improved water conservancy and power road infrastructure, which has effectively promoted the rapid growth
of rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding area for many consecutive years.
In 2020, Liaoning Province invested 15.
6 million yuan of special financial funds to support the development of integrated rice and fishery planting and breeding, and in 2021, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Liaoning Province and the Department of Finance of Liaoning Province jointly issued the Implementation Opinions of Liaoning Province Rice Planting Structure Adjustment Fund Project to continue to support
integrated rice and fishery cultivation and breeding.

In terms of demonstration creation, in 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs continued to organize the establishment of national-level aquatic healthy aquaculture and ecological aquaculture demonstration areas, taking rice and fishery integrated farming as one of the important types, and 7 rice and fishery integrated breeding and operation entities were selected
.
In combination with the establishment of national-level demonstration zones, all localities have organized and carried out activities to establish demonstration bases, demonstration areas, demonstration counties, etc.
, and created a number of demonstration models with high standards, popularized advanced applicable technologies and models, cultivated and expanded business entities, played a leading role in radiation, and promoted the formation of a development pattern
of large-scale operation and standardized production.

In terms of scientific and technological support, in 2019 and 2020, the national key research and development plan "Blue Granary Science and Technology Innovation" set up key special projects related to rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding for two consecutive years, and the project research work continued to advance
in 2021.
In 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs launched the implementation of the "Five Major Actions" for the promotion of aquatic green and healthy breeding technology, taking rice and fishery integrated farming as an important part of the demonstration and promotion of ecological and healthy aquaculture models, and will continue to implement
it in 2021.
Driven by the implementation of special projects and the "five major actions", all localities have focused on the coupling of breeding technology, the selection and breeding of excellent varieties, and the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds, etc.
, increased the research of key core technologies, innovated and optimized the ecological breeding model, carried out industrialization application demonstrations, and strengthened technology promotion services, providing strong support
for industrial development.

Future opportunities and challenges coexist

Under the background of giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding, as an important starting point for promoting high-quality and efficient agriculture, livable and workable countryside, and farmers' prosperity, has been welcomed
by many regional governments and the vast number of farmers and fishermen.
According to the preliminary statistics of relevant plans of various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), by 2025, the national comprehensive rice and fishery breeding area will increase by 6 million mu, reaching about 45 million mu, and the development of comprehensive rice and fishery breeding is still in an important strategic opportunity period
.
However, at the same time, opportunities and challenges coexist, and integrated rice and fishery farming still faces some problems
that restrict the high-quality development of the industry.

The "Report" pointed out that the understanding of the development of integrated rice and fishery breeding inside and outside the industry is not yet unified, there are still shortcomings in the innovation of new technologies and models of integrated rice and fishery breeding, the coordinated development level of upstream and downstream industrial chains does not support the high-quality development of the industry enough, and the level of scale, specialization and organization is not high, which affects the expansion and strengthening of the industry, which is the main problem
facing the current comprehensive rice and fishery breeding.

The "Report" recommends that the environment for industrial development should be optimized, scientific planning guidance and policy support should be strengthened, publicity and guidance should be increased, and various media platforms should be fully utilized to widely publicize the role of integrated rice and fishery farming in stabilizing grain, promoting fishery and enriching the people, enhance the understanding of all sectors of society on integrated rice and fishery cultivation, and create a good public opinion atmosphere
.

Strengthen scientific and technological support and guidance, strengthen basic theoretical research, including basic theoretical research such as productivity and ecological effects of rice and fishery integrated breeding system, research on key technical parameters such as rice variety screening, rice planting density, aquatic product stocking density, trench construction and control area, etc.
, to provide theoretical support
for the construction of technical models.

Cultivate and strengthen business entities, take industrialization development as the guide, cultivate a group of farmer cooperatives and family farms with standardized management, good operation, and strong ability to link up with farmers and farmers, support and strengthen a number of leading enterprises with strong innovation ability, sufficient development momentum and long industrial chain, guide new business entities and farmers to establish contract-based, equity-type and other interest linkage mechanisms, build agricultural industrialization consortia led by leading enterprises, linked by farmer cooperatives, and based on family farms and farmers, and at the same time develop a number of high-level professional and high-level agricultural industrialization associations.
Productive service organizations with strong service capabilities and long coverage of industrial chains, and promote the formation of regional advantageous industries
with large-scale development, standardized production, industrialized operation and brand marketing.

(Wang Jiayi)

China Food News(Version 06, December 20, 2022)

(Responsible editor: Wang Jiayi)