Proteomics analysis of endometrial cancer, pushing for personalized treatment of endometrial cancer

A comprehensive molecular study of endometrial cancer reported by Dou and others at Baylor School of Medicine in the United States further identified the role of key genes and proteins in the disease.
proposed new treatments tailored to each patient, as well as potential biological goals for future drug design.
（Cell. 2020; 180:729-748) Led by researchers from more than a dozen institutions, the team came to a conclusion by measuring the levels of key proteins.
, controlled by genetic coding instructions, protein levels in cancer cells are functional results that affect gene changes in the risk of endometrial cancer, the researchers said.
focused on proteomics, comparing protein levels in 95 endometrial cancers and 49 normal uterine tissue samples.
, while proteomics is more time-consuming and expensive, it can predict cancer risk, which cannot be found in experiments that study genetic code changes alone, says Professor Fenyö of New York University.
proteomics has identified the most active protein in a particular tumor, which may lead to the design of the best treatment specifically for that tumor.
the study also examined the chemical modifications of proteins, known as post-translation modifications, to determine when and where proteins were "turned on or off."
researchers measured DNA and RNA, protein levels, and chemical changes in DNA and proteins between normal cells and cancer cells more than 12 million times.
findings of the study are a new way to distinguish highly invasive endometrial cancer from low-invasive endometrial cancer, which looks similar under a microscope.
between these two types will help clinicians better develop patient-specific treatments and implement them as early as possible in the disease process.
endometrial cancer, which is usually detected at an early stage, accounting for about 85% of all endometrial cancer.
plasma endometrial cancer is more aggressive, is usually detected at a later stage, and causes more deaths than endometrial cancer.
in the endometrial-like cancer group, the molecular markers of an invasive tumor subgroup are more similar to the slurry subtypes.
the team focused much of its efforts on determining the causes of the distinction between invasive endometrial cancer and slurry endometrial cancer and less invasive endometrial cancer.
researchers found a portion of the phosphorylated protein (with a certain post-translation modification that allows the protein to function) in the invasive substums and slurry tumors of endometrial-like tumors, but not in the less invasive endometrial-like tumor substations.
, the researchers found that drugs currently approved by the FDA for other purposes could target some of these highly active proteins.
studies have determined that genetic mutations in some less aggressive endometrial-like tumor populations overexpose the β-catenin protein, which can lead to poor prognosis.
team's evidence suggests that high levels of β-catenin are associated with increased activity in the Wnt signaling path, which stimulates abnormal cell growth, in these seemingly less aggressive tumors.
researchers say scientists have been using genomics for years to study genetic code, a very effective and relatively basic approach to cancer research.
, however, if additional levels of protein, RNA and protein are studied, it could shed further light on how cancer develops.
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