Problems and problems in the protection of Chinese herbal medicine resources

At present, about 4 billion people in the world use traditional Chinese medicine, accounting for 80% of the world's population Therefore, the rational development, utilization and protection of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the realization of sustainable utilization of resources, and the search for suitable substitutes of traditional Chinese medicine have become the problems that the pharmaceutical industry must attach great importance to and urgently need to solve According to the general survey of Chinese medicine resources in 1984-1994, there are 12807 kinds of Chinese medicine resources in China, including 11146 kinds of medicinal plants, 1581 kinds of medicinal animals and 80 kinds of medicinal minerals There are 926 nature reserves in China Problems in the protection of traditional Chinese medicine resources According to the statistics of relevant departments, in the late 1980s, the resources of liquorice and musk were reduced by 60% and 70% respectively compared with those in the 1950s Other resources such as gecko, Cordyceps sinensis, Magnolia officinalis, eucommia, phellodendron, astragalus, ephedra and pine shell were also severely damaged Animal medicine such as tiger bone, rhinoceros horn and other species were endangered Plant medicine such as ginseng, Dendrobium huoshanense and Dendrobium candidum were wild The body is hard to find The lack of traditional Chinese medicine resources is becoming more and more common, and the situation is not optimistic The prominent problems in the protection of traditional Chinese medicine resources mainly include the following aspects: interest driven predatory mining, such as ginseng, has been used for more than 1700 years In the Qing Dynasty, the annual mining volume of ginseng reached tens of thousands of Jin After more than 1000 years of continuous mining and digging, the ginseng resources in Changbai Mountain area were nearly exhausted, while the ginseng resources in Taihang mountain area were extinct as early as the Ming Dynasty In the late 1980s, the reserves of ginseng in Jilin Province were only several thousand kg, but now they are estimated to be only several hundred kg For example, in 1957, Huangqi mountain was found in Longjing County, Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture It is full of Huangqi The local people immediately got rid of poverty and became rich after a large number of excavation However, it is difficult to find Huangqi in the mountain several years later Another example is the flood disaster in Fuyu and other counties in 1977, which caused the local people to dig the three edges for production and self-help In one year, they dug the three edges for millions of kilograms Now, it is almost more difficult to find the "Huangqi mountain" and the three edges for millions of kilograms than to climb to the sky For example, during the period of "SARS", Chinese traditional medicine experts developed Chinese medicine prescriptions to prevent "SARS", one of which was Guanzhong, so the local people plundered and dug Dryopteris crassifolia, resulting in the extinction of Dryopteris crassifolia resources in the eastern mountain area of Jilin Province Some people have poor awareness of the protection of traditional Chinese medicine resources, such as Phellodendron amurense, Schisandra chinensis, Mutong, etc., some people will cut down Phellodendron amurense tree to pick bark, cut off Schisandra vine to pick fruit, etc., and sometimes they will rush to harvest For example, when Schisandra chinensis is not mature, it will be harvested The harvest of Gastrodia elata will be smaller and smaller, so that it will be the smallest day in the future Hemp can't be let go, just pick it up and plant it again In recent years, the increasing demand for resources of traditional Chinese medicine has made the trend of "returning to nature" popular The widespread use of traditional Chinese medicine in medicine, food and cosmetics is another important reason for the increasing demand for traditional Chinese medicine Laws and regulations are not complete because the corresponding laws and regulations for the protection of plant resources in our country are not very perfect, and the management is not very meticulous, and the punishment for those who arbitrarily dig is not enough, which is one of the reasons for the damage of traditional Chinese medicine resources To fundamentally solve the problem of resource protection, we must first solve the problem of the source of medicinal materials The most effective way is to establish a gap base for genuine medicinal materials To improve the utilization rate of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the development of new products, we should carefully consider the problem of making full use of traditional Chinese medicine resources, and try not to choose the varieties that mainly depend on the wild resources to meet the demand, but to choose the common and large amount of traditional Chinese Medicine as the development object Through in-depth research, to protect the existing resources of traditional Chinese medicine, mainly through species collection, species identification and germplasm gene analysis, to protect the existing resources of traditional Chinese medicine, and conduct in-depth research Based on the gene analysis of wild germplasm resources, the germplasm resources bank is established to protect the species in use, endangered and extinct, so as to ensure the vigorous development of Chinese herbal medicine planting industry The chemical composition of artificial musk instead of natural musk was studied by the University of Hong Kong The results showed that both of them had good consistency and had protective effect on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and galactose The Chinese Institute of biological products has determined that the pharmacological action of the drainage bear bile is very similar to that of the natural bear bile, and the artificial bear bile powder has been synthesized The artificial bear bile powder has the same sedative and cholagogic effect as the natural bear bile powder The derived tissues from the cortex of both the horn and the antelope are composed of keratinocytes, which are similar in structure and composition and are often used to replace the horn Since the 1970s, people have successfully synthesized bezoar according to the main chemical components of natural bezoar It is suggested that the research and development demonstration center for the substitutes of endangered animal and plant medicines should be established in relevant scientific research and universities, and the research and development of substitutes of endangered animal and plant medicines and similar efficacy products should be strengthened In order to solve the problem of Chinese herbal wild resources, the feasible way is to strengthen the introduction and domestication of Chinese herbal medicine, the research of cultivation technology and the selection of Chinese herbal medicine With practical cultivation technology and good varieties that can be applied to production, the destruction of Chinese herbal wild resources can be reduced In addition, modern bioengineering technology can also be applied For example, tissue culture technology can be fully used to produce a large number of seedlings in a short period of time by rapid propagation technology of rare Chinese herbal medicines or Chinese herbal medicines with low propagation coefficient At the same time, some special effective components can be extracted and industrialized production can be carried out by cell suspension culture technology The application of these technologies will reduce the impact on wild Chinese herbal medicines Destruction of drug resources To strengthen publicity and management and strengthen the awareness of resource protection, we should make full use of various publicity media to carry out extensive publicity, so that the masses in the production area can understand the serious consequences of unlimited mining of wild medicinal plant resources, at the same time, we should strengthen management, if necessary, we can carry out scientific knowledge popularization training, and implement the certificate holding system for those who go to the mountain to collect medicine.