Present situation and development trend of premixed feed in China

Introduction: 1 Types of premixed feed in China There are many series of premixed feeds in China due to technical level and regional differences The commonly used ones are 0.01% - 0.1% vitamin premix (multidimensional) and 0.1% - 0.5% trace element premix, which are used in full price feed factories, production of 1% - 5% premix and internal use of the group; 1% - 5% compound premix, which are mostly used in feedlots and small feed factories; 10% - 40% concentrated feed Materials for the use of breeders and feedlots 2 Current situation of China's premixed feed: China's feed industry started in the late 1970s and entered a period of great development from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s However, looking back on this development history, we can find that people pay more attention to the role of full price feed and its popularity rate, while the role of premix concentrate in China's feed industry is greatly underestimated The national development plan of feed industry for 1984-2000 (Trial draft) issued by the State Economic Commission and the later national feed industry office's research on the development strategy of feed industry for 1996-2020 plan for compound feed and concentrate premix for 2000 were 100-120 million tons, 3 million tons and 900000-1 million tons respectively In 2010, the amount of the three was 130-150 million tons and 5 million tons respectively Tons and 2 million tons, the volume of the three in 2020 will be 170 million to 180 million tons, 10 million tons and 5 million tons respectively However, the result of development is that the actual output of premix concentrate in 1997 has reached 7 million tons and 1.25 million tons respectively, reaching 8.87 million tons and 1.38 million tons respectively in 1998, and 10 million tons and 1.6 million tons respectively in 1999, with a year-on-year growth rate of more than 10% Comparing with the above plans, it can be seen that the "plan" of concentrate and premix has been completed 20 years and 6 years in advance respectively The output of compound feed from 1997 to 1999 was 54.74 million tons, 55.73 million tons and 56 million tons respectively, with an average annual growth rate of less than 1%, which did not reach the expected target From this we can see the current situation of feed structure and the position of premix concentrate in feed industry 3 Reasons for the rapid development of premix in China The rapid development of premix in China after 1995, and the rapid development since 1997 At the same time, the full price feed is maintaining the status quo, which has two different directions with the full price feed in western developed countries Many foreign feed groups have developed slowly or stagnated after 1997, which is also a microcosm of the above phenomenon The reasons are complicated, but in a word, the following two reasons are the most important: (1) the rapid development of China's feed and the continuous improvement of feed quality from the period of shortage to the period of relative sufficiency of cities make the output of China's livestock products keep growing at a high speed, with the per capita share reaching a fairly high level, with the per capita pork reaching 30 kg, per capita chicken pork 9 kg, and per capita egg 17 kg, which are higher than the world average as a whole; at the same time, it should be understood that Among the 1.3 billion people in China, the urban population is only 300 million, and the rest are farmers Due to the relatively small income of farmers, the per capita consumption of livestock products is only 25% - 30% of the per capita consumption of urban population, so the per capita consumption of Chinese cities is much higher than the international average level The relative saturation of urban consumption and the low income of farmers are the reasons for the slow growth of per capita consumption of livestock products in China The slow growth of demand for livestock products causes the price of livestock products to continue to decline Many farms have changed their use of full price feed to their own preparation due to cost reasons, but their overall technical level is not high, and they basically use the purchase of premix (or concentrate), which is the reason for the rapid development of premix (2) the improvement of simple use methods and feed technology: China's feed development history is only 30 years, but the gap between feed technology and developed countries is very small The reason for the poor competitiveness of China's animal products lies in the poor feeding and management links In 1995, feed enterprises with certain technical level in southern and eastern China began to sell premixed materials to grain production bases in Central China, such as Henan Province, Shandong Province, Hebei Province and Northeast China, and other grain production bases also began to sell premixed materials to farmers to promote premixed material technology, especially 30% - 40% series of concentrate Because only energy feed such as corn is mixed, high technology is not needed, plus Local cheap corn and low labor force, even if farmers raise a small number of livestock and poultry, have cost advantages, which is the reason for the rapid development of concentrated materials, and is also a common phenomenon in China's grain production areas In addition to corn, premixes also need protein, calcium, phosphorus and other raw materials, as well as a certain level of technology, which is also the reason why premixes are widely used in large-scale aquaculture, especially in the South and east of China The feed technology in the north is relatively poor, and the proportion of feed used is not so high However, with the improvement of the overall feed technology level, if the price of processed livestock products declines, the trend of the north from using concentrate to using premix will accelerate, and the proportion of premix in Henan and other places is rising, and the decline of concentrate proportion is a signal 4 Development trend of China's premixed feed: in terms of quantity, China's premixed feed and concentrate will continue to grow steadily Premixed feed is the core of compound feed production It not only embodies considerable technical content in formula design, but also has high requirements in mixing, measurement, processing technology and other aspects For the small-scale Chinese feed enterprises, commercial premixed feed has a market for a long time, especially high concentration classified premixed feed According to the statistics of 1997, there are 11868 compound feed factories in China, of which 10301 enterprises produce 1 ton per hour and 1567 enterprises produce more than 5 tons per hour, so the scale is too small in general For these small enterprises with a production capacity of 1 ton at a time, it is more economical and effective to use commercial premixed feed, either from the perspective of technical force or from the perspective of comprehensive benefits For concentrated materials, the objective reasons for its continuous development are the small and scattered scale of China's breeding industry, the inconvenience of transportation, the large number of labor force, the withdrawal of grain purchase from the protection price and other factors With the concentrate, the farmers can not only make full use of their own feed grain, processed cake and meal or purchase raw materials from the nearby market to produce high-quality full price feed, but also reduce the transportation cost of feed grain and make full use of the rich labor force, thus saving the feed cost of the farmers and reducing the waste of feed resources On the other hand, in recent years, the localization and price reduction of feed additives, the development of premix plants and the reduction of their competition and profits make it possible to use and popularize premix In terms of quality, China's premixed feed has the ability to produce high-quality premixed feed and concentrate in terms of formula and processing technology The key is to strengthen management and social responsibility Especially in the use of additives, supervision and management should be strengthened to make the use more standardized In the use of drugs, the principles of safety, convenience, economy and effectiveness should be strictly followed Attention should be paid to drug resistance and drug residue, drug withdrawal period and drug abuse Try to use drugs with low residue and drug resistance to further improve the quality of premixed feed and concentrate From the perspective of product structure, the basic premixed feed and concentrated feed contain most of the key components in the full price feed, which is very suitable for the actual situation of large quantity and dispersion of rural aquaculture in China The production of such premixed feed has great development potential and broad prospects However, 1% compound premix also has great limitations Its disadvantages and problems lie in its poor universality and adaptability, because it contains too many components, especially the amino acid content in its formula changes greatly with the composition of different breeds, stages and even basic raw materials, which determines its strong specificity Secondly, its stability is affected by To trace elements, choline chloride and vitamin interaction and have a greater impact Therefore, as a commercial premix, 1% compound premix is basically a popular and extensive premix The development trend of this kind of premixes is: (1) as the secondary premixes in the plant of large-scale compound feed factory, it is very suitable to produce series and varieties directly matching with the basic materials, or as the premixes used by the branches within the supply group (2) as a special commodity premix production, it is necessary to increase the necessary series of varieties, put forward the matching reference formula and use method, and equip a strong technical service team to guide the production of basic materials according to the regional characteristics and user needs (3) adjust the composition and concentration of the compound premix, leave the amino acids or drugs with high matching requirements to the users for adding (such as producing 0.5% compound premix mainly composed of trace elements and vitamins), or include calcium, phosphorus, salt, etc to produce 3% - 6% compound premix, so as to reduce the varieties used by the farmers, and the feed factory can directly The special requirements of metering and mixing equipment for high concentration premix are overcome From the perspective of regional changes, after China's accession to the WTO, the impact of low prices of imported livestock products makes the breeding industry of China's grain production bases face great competitive pressure, which may cause the traditional breeding farms using concentrated materials to use high concentration of 1% - 5% premix The competitiveness of farmers using concentrated materials for breeding is weakened, and gradually to develop into large-scale breeding With the opening of imported grain, Guangdong and other southern regions have greater opportunities for development, and it is also possible that Guangdong's breeding industry mainly uses full price feed to coexist with premix and full price feed To sum up, the development of premixes in China will go through a quite long period China will continue to follow its own path Only when the income of farmers is very rich and most farmers are engaged in other industries, can the breeding industry enter the era of scale At that time, the traditional commercial premixes do not exist, and China will enter the era of full price feed, which is in step with western countries (author:) share to feed Weibo share to: