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In the United States, most people have some degree of immune protection against Covid-19, either through vaccination, infection, or a combination of the two
Easy access to such tests could help people determine what precautions they should take to prevent catching the virus, such as getting an extra booster shot, the researchers said
"In the general population, many people may wonder how protected they are," said Hojun Li, a researcher at MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
a simple test
Li joined the Koch Institute in the fall of 2019 to study blood cell development and how blood cells become cancerous
Currently, the gold standard method for measuring immunity involves mixing a blood sample with live virus and measuring how many cells in the sample are killed by the virus
Li had no experience with the test, so he turned to two MIT faculty with expertise in designing diagnostics based on lateral flow assays: Hadley Sikes, associate professor of chemical engineering, and health sciences and technology, electrical engineering with Sangeeta Bhatia, professor of computer science and member of the Koch Institute
The first step in the test is to mix a human blood sample with the viral RBD protein, which is labeled with tiny gold particles that can be seen when glued to paper
To develop the reagents needed for the test, members of Li's lab collaborated with the labs of Angela Koehler, associate professor of bioengineering, and Michael Yaffe, the David H.
Predictive immunity
In addition to the test cartridge containing paper test strips, the test kit also includes a finger lancet that can be used to obtain small blood samples of less than 10 microliters
The researchers tested their device with blood samples collected in December 2020 from about 60 SARS-CoV-2 infected people and 30 uninfected people
Previous research on SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses has shown a strong correlation between the amount of neutralizing antibodies circulating in an individual's blood and their likelihood of infection
Li said the test could be easily adapted to different SARS-CoV-2 variants by swapping out a reagent that targets the RBD of the different variants
