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A new study identifies the genetic basis behind the adaptation strategies used by plants to cope with the harsh natural environment
"In an era of accelerating climate change, it is vital to reveal the genetic basis for increasing crop yield and resilience under drought and malnutrition conditions," said Gloria Coruzzi, a professor in the Department of Biology and the Center for Genomics and Systems Biology at New York University.
The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is one of the harshest environments on earth-although it is one of the driest places on earth, dozens of plants still grow here, including grasses, annual plants and perennial shrubs
The Chilean research team collected climate, soil, and plant characteristics at 22 locations in different vegetation zones and altitudes (every 100 meters) in the Talabre-Lejía transect over a period of more than 10 years
Next, researchers at New York University used high-performance computing clusters to conduct systematic genome analysis, comparing the genome sequences of 32 Atacama plants with 32 unsuitable but genetically similar "sister" species and several other model species.
Researchers found 265 genes with altered protein sequences in multiple Atacama plant species
The molecular mechanism of plant stress response is usually studied in the laboratory using a few model species
The insights gained from this research can increase the growth of genetically modified crops and reduce food insecurity
