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Image: Artistic representation of a leader cell directing the migration of its neighbors (followers) to repair wounds
Source: Ella Marushenko Studio
A new study led by the University of Bristol has found that the p53 protein plays a key role in epithelial cell migration and tissue repair
.
These findings could improve our understanding of cellular repair tissue processes and be used to identify interventions that can accelerate and improve wound repair
Epithelial tissue is the lining that protects the outer skin and inner cavities of the body, and their ability to repair themselves is important
.
Injured epithelial cells are known to be able to repair themselves thanks to the collective migration of the remaining cells to seal the gap
The research was funded by CRUK and the Wellcome Trust and was published [February 11] in the journal Science
.
The study found that when epithelial cells are damaged, the damage activates a molecular program that transforms the cells into migratory leader cells so that the gap can be repaired quickly
Using a simplified model of a wound in which epithelial sheets are scratched to damage the epithelium in vitro, the researchers discovered the molecular signals that enable leader cells to emerge
.
Cells at the edge of the epithelial gap elevate p53 and p21 after injury, suggesting that the injury triggers the migration program
.
Once the gap is repaired, the leader cells are cleared from the population by neighboring healthy epithelial cells
Eugenia Pidini, Professorial Research Fellow in Cell Biology at the University of Bristol and Senior Research Fellow in the Wellcome Trust School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (CMM) and lead senior author of the work, said: "We The discovery improves our understanding of the mechanisms by which cells repair tissue and can be used to develop systems that accelerate wound healing
.
"
p53 plays two key roles in epithelial cell repair
.
It initiates leader-driven epithelial cell closure, and once the epithelial cells are repaired, p53 induces leader cell clearance
Dr Giulia Pilia, a research associate at the University of Bristol's CMM and one of the first authors, added: "Collective migration is important in other areas, such as in cancer, where a group of cells from a primary tumor comes together to form a metastasis
.
Knowing we Whether the proteins found in wound models play a role in this situation will be important so that current treatments can be modified
The next step in the research will be to test whether the mechanisms found in the epithelium in vitro also apply in vivo
.
If so, the research team wanted to test whether they could selectively and safely induce leaders in vivo to promote migration and tissue repair
article title
p53 directs leader cell behavior, migration and clearance during epithelial repair
