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Organize the list of global innovation trends and find the future transformation path of the medical industry

 Last Update: 2023-02-02
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Entering 2023, the entire medical innovation circle is particularly active, especially when the domestic epidemic control is gradually liberalized, everyone is full of expectations for the new year, and has begun to take action, such as many scientific research institutions began to organize groups to study and exchange overseas, and people in the venture capital circle have gradually returned to their pre-epidemic life and began to look for innovative projects
in the global market.

However, how to define the "innovation" of start-up projects is a difficult problem for scientists who focus on research and for venture capital institutions that focus on the transformation of results, and they all need to find a reasonable "reference standard" before "evaluating"
projects.

At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, as a vertical media focusing on cutting-edge innovation and achievement transformation, Orange Fruit Bureau has sorted out the top ten technical conjectures of future medical innovation from authoritative institutions such as Cleveland Clinic, MIT Technology Review, Science and so on, hoping to provide a guide for the domestic medical innovation circle, and also hope to accelerate the process of medical innovation and profoundly change or affect the trajectory
of human social life development through innovation and transformation.

Orange Fruit Bureau, Cleveland Clinic, MIT Technology Review Science

#01 Cleveland Clinic: 10 major healthcare innovations impacting the world in 2022

■(1) Next-generation mRNA vaccinology

■(1) Next-generation mRNA vaccinology: Next-generation mRNA vaccinology

Advances in RNA production, purification, and cell delivery have led to the development of mRNA vaccines spanning a wide range of applications, such as cancer and Zika virus infection
.
The technology is cost-effective, relatively simple to manufacture, and stimulates immunity in a new way
.
In addition, the emergence of COVID-19 has shown that the world needs to rapidly develop a vaccine
that can be deployed globally.

Because previous research laid the groundwork for the technology, effective COVID-19 vaccines were developed, produced, approved, and deployed
in less than a year.
This game-changing technology has the potential to be used to quickly and efficiently manage some of healthcare's most challenging diseases
.

■ (2) PSMA targeted therapy for prostate cancer

■(2) PSMA-targeted therapy for prostate cancer PSMA-targeted therapy for prostate cancer

More than 200,000 American men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer
among American men.
Accurate imaging is essential
for tumor localization, staging of disease, and detection of recurrence.
PSMA, a highly concentrated antigen found on the surface of prostate cancer cells, is a potential biomarker of the disease
.
PMSA PET scans use a radioactive tracer attached to PSMA proteins, which are then combined with CT or MRI scans to visualize
the location of prostate cancer cells.

In 2020, the technology was approved by the U.
S.
Food and Drug Administration based on a phase III clinical trial that showed a significant improvement in the accuracy of detecting prostate cancer metastases compared to traditional bone scans and CT scan imaging
.
When PSMA When detected early on PET scans, recurrent prostate cancer can be treated
with a personalized approach to stereotactic external beam radiation therapy, surgery and/or systemic therapy.

■ (3) New therapy to reduce LDL

High levels of cholesterol in the blood, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), are known to be an important contributor
to cardiovascular disease.
In 2019, the FDA reviewed inclisiran's application
for the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia in adults with elevated LDL-C when receiving maximum-tolerated dose statin therapy.
Inclisiran is a small injectable interfering RNA that targets the PCSK9 protein
.

Compared to statins, which do not require frequent administration (twice a year), use with statins effectively and consistently reduces LDL-C
.
Its long-term effects may help alleviate non-adherence to medications, which is one of the main causes of
failed cholesterol levels drop.
Inclisiran received FDA approval
in December 2021.

■(4) New drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

In the United States, 1 in 10 people have diabetes, which affects how the body processes food into energy
.
One potential therapy is weekly injections of dual glucose-dependent insulin polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1) aimed at controlling blood sugar
.
Injected subcutaneously, GLP-1 and GIP receptors cause the pancreas to release insulin and block the hormone glucagon, limiting postprandial spikes in blood sugar
.

In addition, it slows down digestion, allowing individuals to stay full longer and eat less
.
So far, advanced phase III clinical trials have shown that the therapy significantly reduces hemoglobin A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes and supports weight loss, making it potentially the most effective treatment
for diabetes and obesity to date.

■ (5) Breakthrough treatment of postpartum depression

Experts believe that the incidence of postpartum depression may be at least twice as high as current statistics, as many cases go undiagnosed
.
Currently, counseling and antidepressants are the mainstay of treatment, but some women do not respond to
these therapies.
In 2019, the U.
S.
Food and Drug Administration approved an intravenous fluid therapy
designed to specifically treat postpartum depression.
This novel therapy, which runs around the clock for 60 hours, uses a neurosteroid to control the brain's response
to stress.

In addition, the treatment seems to show results quickly, whereas traditional antidepressants typically take two to four weeks to produce noticeable results
.
For women with this often overlooked disease, this rapid treatment option would be a breakthrough
.

■(6) Targeted drug treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

For decades, clinicians have only been able to treat symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in patients using drugs developed to treat other heart conditions, but with limited
results.
A new treatment is able to reduce the root cause of
problems in many patients.
A best-in-class drug specifically targets the heart muscle to reduce abnormal contractions caused by genetic mutations that overload the heart
.

By acting specifically on this mechanism for people with HCM, this new type of treatment not only improves symptoms and quality of life, but also has the potential to slow the progression
of the disease.
The U.
S
.
Food and Drug Administration has set a target action date for this therapy as April 28, 2022.
If approved, it would be the first drug explicitly used to treat HCM and offer new hope
to patients and physicians.

■ (7) Non-hormonal alternatives to menopause

While it is effective and safe when used appropriately, hormone therapy involves some risks and not all patients are suitable candidates
.
Fortunately, a new group of non-hormonal drugs, known as NK3R antagonists, has emerged as a viable alternative
to hormone therapy.
These drugs disrupt signaling pathways
in the brain involved in the development of hot flashes.

■(8) Implantable treatment of severe paralysis

About one in every 50 Americans, or 5.
4 million people, suffers from some form of paralysis
.
The overall health of most patients is significantly reduced
.
Recently, the team offered new hope to these patients by using implantable brain-computer interface technology to restore lost motor control, enabling patients to control digital devices
.
The technology uses implanted electrodes to collect motor signals from the brain and decode them into motor instructions
.

It has been shown to restore the voluntary motor impulses
of patients severely paralyzed by dysfunction of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves or muscles.
While interface technology is still in its infancy, the U.
S.
Food and Drug Administration has designated this implantable device "Breakthrough device"
.

■ (9) Artificial intelligence for early detection of sepsis

Sepsis is a severe inflammatory response to infection and is the leading cause
of hospitalization and death worldwide.
Because the mortality rate from septic shock is very high, early diagnosis of sepsis is critical
.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a new tool that can help detect sepsis
quickly.

The tool uses artificial intelligence algorithms to detect several key risk factors
in real time by monitoring a patient's electronic medical records as doctors enter information.
Flagging high-risk patients can help facilitate early intervention, which can improve outcomes, reduce healthcare costs and save lives
.

■ (10) Predictive analysis of hypertension

High blood pressure, often referred to as the "silent killer," often has no symptoms while increasing the risk of serious health problems, including heart disease, heart failure and stroke
.
However, many adults still don't know they have high blood pressure
.
Using machine learning, a type of artificial intelligence, doctors are better able to select more effective drugs, drug combinations, and doses to improve the control
of high blood pressure.
AI will also enable doctors to predict cardiovascular disease and enable doctors to focus interventions
before they occur.

#02 MIT Technology Review: Top 10 breakthrough technologies in the world in 2023, gene editing, organ transplantation, and telemedicine were selected

■ (1) CRISPR for high cholesterol

■ (1) CRISPR for high cholesterol CRISPR for high cholesterol

The cholesterol-lowering therapy, developed by Verve Therapeutics, relies on a technique known as base editing or "CRISPR.
" 2.
0" gene-edited form
.
Scientists can now replace one DNA base with another, a more targeted approach than simply cutting it to "turn off" a particular gene
.

In theory, this should be safer because it reduces the likelihood of mistakenly cutting an important gene and avoids potential errors
that can occur when DNA is cut and repairs itself.
A newer form of CRISPR could play a bigger role
.
Lead Editor (Prime Editing) or "CRISPR 3.
0" allows scientists to insert large pieces of DNA into the genome
.
If it works in people, it could allow scientists to replace disease-causing genes
.

■(2) On-demand organ production

Far more people need an organ transplant to survive than those who can get one
.
There are about 130,000 organ transplants worldwide each year, but many more die while waiting for an organ transplant, or they may never be on the transplant waiting list
.
The use of animal organs is a potential solution, but it is not easy
to overcome the rejection of them by the human body.

For example, sugar on the surface of pig tissues can put our immune system into attack mode
.
Medications can help suppress the reaction, but it's not enough
.
Therefore, biotechnology companies use gene-editing technology to modify pig tissue, removing these sugar molecules and adding other genes to make pig tissue look more like human tissue
.

By editing the pig's in this way DNA, several biotech companies have now created animals
whose organs are more compatible with the human body.
Although Bennett died because of the virus found in transplanted organs, his doctors claim that transplanted pig hearts never showed typical organ rejection symptoms
.
Now, they are planning to recruit more patients for the study
.

■(3) Telemedicine abortion pills

With state "trigger laws" banning abortion in effect, interest in and demand for abortion pills has surged
.
Nonprofits such as Aid Access, as well as Choix, Just the Pill and Hey Startups like Jane are poised to provide ways
to respond to legal changes.
Although the process varies by service, eligible women typically sign up with a photo ID and then consult
with a healthcare provider via video call, text message, or app.
Health care providers can prescribe and deliver medicines to pregnant women
.

The question of how to obtain medication for abortion has not been solved
.
Europe-based AidAccess is uniquely positioned to ship abortion pills to any U.
S.
state
.
But most startups that offer abortion pills by mail follow state laws, meaning people living in the 13 states where abortion is prohibited, or another 7 states (which require doctors to prescribe drugs to pregnant women in person) must travel across state lines or set up other mailing addresses to use the services
.

Note: In the MIT Technology Review's 2023 "Top Ten Breakthrough Technologies in the World", in addition to the above 3 categories, there are also the James Webb Space Telescope, AI to make images, chip design that changes everything, ancient DNA analysis, battery recycling, the inevitable arrival of electric vehicles, large-scale production military drones, etc.
, but because of the little interaction with the medical scene, it will not be listed
separately.

The James Webb Space Telescope, the AI to make images, the chip design that changed everything, ancient DNA analysis, battery recycling, the inevitable arrival of electric vehicles, the mass-produced military drone James Webb Space Telescope, the AI that made images, the chip design that changed everything, ancient DNA analysis, battery recycling, the inevitable arrival of electric cars, mass-produced military drones

#03 Science: Top 10 scientific breakthroughs in 2022, biology and medicine account for "half of the country"

■ (1) Giant bacteria that are 5,000 times larger than ordinary bacteria were discovered for the first time

■(1) Giant bacteria that are 5,000 times larger than ordinary bacteria were discovered for the first time, and giant bacteria that are 5,000 times larger than ordinary bacteria were discovered for the first time

In February 2022, scientists discovered for the first time in a mangrove swamp in the French Antilles the largest bacterium ever seen with the naked eye without the help of a microscope, Thiomargarita magnifica), according to the definition, microorganisms should be microscopic and require a microscope to see, but this is tentatively named Thiomargarita Magnifica's microbes are 5,000 times larger than many bacterial cells and as long
as a pushpin.

Scientists say the giant bacteria, in addition to subverting ideas about how big and complex microbes can become, "may be the missing link in the evolution of complex cells.
"

■ (2) New insights into how the Black Death changed the genes of Europeans

Ever since the Black Death killed more than a third of Europe's population 700 years ago, researchers have wondered how the deadly plague left its mark on survivors
.
In 2022, researchers used tools to study ancient DNA to analyze DNA from more than 500 bones from London and Denmark before, during, and after
the Black Death.

The findings found that survivors were more likely to carry mutated genes, which enhanced their immune response
to Yersinia pestis.
Yersinia pestis is a bacterium transmitted by fleas that causes plague
.

After the Black Death in London, the frequency of a staggering 245 genetic variants rose or fell; One gene stands out: ERAP2
.
It encodes a protein called endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2, which has been shown to help immune cells recognize and fight threatening viruses
.

The rapid spread of this protective gene variant in Europe in the century following the Black Death is by far the strongest example of
natural selection in the human genome.
Today, 45% of British people still have protective variants
of ERAP2 in their bodies.
Its continued existence suggests that until recently it was favored by natural selection – probably because plague was endemic
in Europe and Asia until the early 19th century.
But that protection can come at a cost: The same variants also increase the risk of autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis
.

■ (3) Breakthrough progress in RSV vaccine

Barney Graham, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 2013 A key advance made by them is that the new RSV vaccine can avoid these problems
.
Based on this finding, both RSV vaccines developed by GSK and Pfizer have obtained positive data in large-scale clinical trials, among which the results of GSK's Phase III clinical trial of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine candidate for adults aged 60 years and older showed that the overall vaccine protection of the candidate against RSV lower respiratory tract disease (RSV-LRTD) was 82.
6%, meeting the primary endpoint
of the trial.

GSK also said that the vaccine has observed a consistently high vaccine protection in critically ill patients, adults aged 70-79 years and adults with potential complications
.
Data from an interim efficacy analysis of a phase III clinical trial of Pfizer's RSV vaccine candidate PF-06928316 showed that it was 66.
7% protective and well tolerated, with no safety concerns
.
Pfizer has submitted a Biologics License Application (BLA) to the U.
S.
FDA and has been granted priority review status, with a PDUFA target date of May 2023
.

■(4) Detection of a "suspected virus" that may cause multiple sclerosis

■(4) The discovery of a "suspected virus" that may cause multiple sclerosis may lead to the discovery of a "suspected virus" that may cause multiple sclerosis

In 2022, researchers used extensive military medical records to demonstrate that a common herpes virus plays an important role
in multiple sclerosis (MS).
The discovery could lead to new ways
to treat or prevent this mysterious disease.
Multiple sclerosis, a disease in which the immune system attacks neurons, causes mild symptoms, including blurred vision, fatigue and numbness, in 2.
8 million people worldwide, but can also make severely ill people progressively unable to speak or walk
.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a virus that infects most people in childhood and then lurks in
certain white blood cells, has long been a major suspect for multiple sclerosis.
The virus, which spreads primarily through saliva, can cause infectious mononucleosis, or "kissing disease,"
in newly infected adolescents and young adults.
Almost all people with multiple sclerosis have antibodies to EBV, but 95% of healthy adults also have them, making it difficult to determine that the virus is the cause
.

To establish the link, epidemiologists scoured the medical records of more than 10 million U.
S.
recruits for 20 years and analyzed some of their stored blood samples
.
Of the 801 soldiers with MS, all but one had previously tested positive
for Epstein-Barr virus.
The team reported in the January issue of Science that in soldiers who initially tested negative, subsequent infections increased the risk of MS by a factor of 32, outpacing the increased
risk of lung cancer from smoking.

Other researchers discovered a possible mechanism and subsequently reported in Nature that the hibernating virus could wake up and cause nerve damage
through so-called molecular simulations.
Epstein-Barr, a protein similar to those found in the brain and spinal cord, apparently induces the immune system to attack the outer shells around nerve cells necessary for conducting electrical signals, and about 20 to 25 percent of MS patients have antibodies in their blood that bind the two
proteins.

These findings have spurred efforts to develop drugs to
treat MS by targeting the virus.
If one of the Epstein-Barr vaccines, which is currently undergoing clinical trials, proves effective and is used in children worldwide, MS could one day even be eradicated
like polio.

Note: In the results of the 2022 Top Ten Scientific Breakthroughs announced by Science, in addition to the above four categories, there are also the rapid development of creative artificial intelligence, the reproduction of ancient ecosystems with environmental DNA 2 million years ago, perennial rice that is easier to cultivate, the landmark climate law passed by the United States, and the success of mankind's first planetary defense experiment, etc.
, but because of the little interaction with medical scenarios, they are not listed
separately.

The rapid development of creative artificial intelligence, the reproduction of ancient ecosystems with environmental DNA 2 million years ago, perennial rice that is easier to cultivate, the rapid development of creative artificial intelligence through the landmark climate law in the United States through landmark climate laws, the success of the first planetary defense experiment in humans, the reproduction of ancient ecosystems by environmental DNA 2 million years ago, perennial rice that is easier to cultivate, the landmark climate law in the United States, and the success of mankind's first planetary defense experiment

#04 Conclusion

At present, the theme of entrepreneurship in China is undergoing profound changes, a technology-led entrepreneurial era has arrived, especially in the medical field, which has huge industrial demand, and a new round of innovation is kicking off
.

This wave of medical innovation involves not only scientists, but also venture capital institutions, although they have different identities, but their goals are the same, that is, to constantly pursue original innovative technologies, focus on more hardcore, smarter and more intersecting technology entrepreneurship fields, and adhere to long-termism, with a longer-term view of the development of
a new technology.

Looking back at the long history of the medical field, we see that many technologies have "stood out" in the wave of innovation again and again and have become an important force
influencing the world.
Now, the wave of medical innovation is once again set off, and if you can see the potential opportunities of the industry before this wave sets off, and can seize the opportunities by laying out in advance, it will be very likely to give the results a head start and realize greater value
when it is transformed.

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