Opportunities and challenges of implementing the strategy of Milkvetch in Hulunbeier League

Introduction: Animal husbandry is the traditional pillar industry of Hulu League economy After 20 years of reform and opening up, Hulu League has made great achievements Especially since 1999, Hulu League has made strategic adjustment to the industrial structure of agriculture and animal husbandry, taking milk and meat grass as the breakthrough point and breach of animal husbandry development, and determined the economy of "agriculture for animal husbandry, animal husbandry for industry, animal husbandry for animal husbandry, and business for animal husbandry" The pattern of economic development laid the foundation for accelerating the development of high-quality and efficient animal husbandry at the beginning of the century, improving the overall economic strength of Hulu League, meeting the opportunities and challenges brought by China's accession to the WTO, and creating the brilliance of Hulu league's advantageous industries In 2001, there were 6.078 million livestock, 5.252 million large and small livestock and 826000 pigs in Hulun Among the total number of livestock, 2.446 million were improved breeds, 46.6% were improved breeds, 2.691 million were reproducible females, and 51.3% were females At present, Hulun has the comprehensive capacity of steadily producing 100000 tons of meat, 5000 tons of fluff, 250000 tons of fresh milk and increasing 1.6 million livestock In 2000, 179000 tons of fresh milk was purchased, 400000 sheep, 50000 cattle and 8000 tons of finished products were slaughtered around the four banners of animal husbandry by meat processing enterprises It accounted for 30% of the mutton production in Hulu League, and the rate of large and small livestock in Hulu League increased from 27.4% in 1995 to 54.6% in 2000 Every year, 700000 head of livestock can be improved by cold distribution and 1.9 million mu of grassland can be built The herdsmen have 8192 livestock sheds of nearly 1.3 million square meters Among them, 5119 permanent sheds, 407 machine wells, 3926 tube wells, 506 cars, 1712 generators, 10735 large and small tractors, 10065 rakes (sets), over 85% of herdsmen have settled down, 2 million mu of fenced grassland and over 700000 mu of artificial grass have been planted The responsibility system of "double contracting of grass and livestock" has been implemented Each year, more than 3 billion kg of straw (soybean and corn straw) and agricultural and sideline products can be used for livestock conversion, and more than 500 million kg of "three chemical and two storage" feed can be produced China's meat production has developed rapidly and has become the world's largest meat producer since 1990 In 1998, China's meat production reached 58.83 million tons, accounting for 26.4% of the world's total production According to the relevant rules of WTO, China's accession to WTO provides opportunities for China's livestock products to enter the international market As one of the main production areas of livestock products in China, Hulun will surely bring broad prospects for Hulun to implement the strategy of milkweed 1 In view of the fact that China's agricultural development has entered a new stage and is about to join the WTO, the Alliance Committee and Executive Yuan have made strategic adjustments to the economic structure of Hulun, especially to the agricultural economic structure After carefully analyzing the history and reality of animal husbandry in the whole alliance, this paper puts forward the development strategy of ecological green industry with the implementation of Lactuca grass as the breakthrough point, and on the basis of formulating a series of ecological plans, successively invites domestic experts and scholars to formulate the development plan of grassland protection and ecological green industry, the development plan of milk source base, and the meat source base on the basis of full demonstration Land development plan and grass industry development plan The formulation and implementation of these plans have made preparations in advance for speeding up the great development of Hulu league's milk and meat grass industry and meeting the opportunities and challenges brought by China's accession to the WTO 2 The grassland ecological environment of Huling is better The total area of the grassland is 169 million mu, of which 125 million mu is natural available grassland, over 700 kinds of plants can be fed on the grassland, the quality of the grass is beautiful, and the average yield of hay per mu is 132.5 kg In the agricultural area, more than 3 billion kg of straws and agricultural by-products can be used for livestock conversion every year, and 500 million kg of straw "three chemical and two storage" feed can be produced every year The fertile soil, fine forage and rich straw resources provide material guarantee for the development of milk meat grass in Hulun League 3 Famous dairy enterprises Shanghai Guangming, Beijing Sanyuan, Inner Mongolia Yili, meat processing enterprises Shanghai Yuansheng and Inner Mongolia Xingfa have all settled down in Hulun In 2000, it purchased 179000 tons of fresh milk, processed and slaughtered 400000 sheep, 50000 cattle, and sold 8000 tons of finished products The introduction of these enterprises laid a foundation for improving the competitiveness of Hulun dairy products in the domestic and international markets and improving the correlation between the primary and secondary industries It also laid a foundation for the establishment of the industrial management pattern of agriculture and animal husbandry with "company + base + farmer" centered on Dragon Enterprises in the future Conditions have been made 4 Grass industry development has achieved initial results Ewenki banner has completed 230000 mu of improved grassland with mixed planting of grain and grass, harvested 108 million kg of all kinds of fine forage, 48000 mu of all kinds of high-quality forage, and harvested 43.386 million kg, which has accumulated experience for the improvement of large-scale grassland in Hohhot League 5 Hohhot League has successively introduced Australian American, German American, bond ram and Simmental, Angus and other bulls Through the implementation of the "livestock seed project", the production capacity of the provenance base of the whole league has been greatly improved 6 Adjacent to Russia, Mongolia and Eastern Europe, making full use of geographical advantages and bringing dairy products and grass products into the international market are the key choices of Hulun League Not long ago, the successful holding of the seminar on cooperation and development of the three triangle economic zones of China, Russia and Mongolia accelerated the realization of this option 7 China's meat export has a price advantage The results show that the price of meat products exported by China is superior to that of other countries Pork: in 1998, China's pork output was 39.73 million tons, accounting for 45% of the world's pork output, and its export was 106000 tons, only accounting for 2.4% of the world's total pork export In 1998, the world's average price per ton of pork was US $1988, and China's average export price per ton was US $1719, which shows that China's pork has a certain absolute price advantage in the world market Beef (beef and veal): in 1998, China's beef output was 4.47 million tons, accounting for 8% of the world's total beef output, and its exports were 4023 tons, accounting for only 0.2% of the world's total beef exports In 1998, the export price of beef per ton in the world was 2579 US dollars, and the average export price of beef per ton in China was 1517 US dollars Chinese beef has a strong absolute price advantage in the world market The price advantage of beef in China is on the rise Mutton (sheep): in 1998, China's mutton output was 2.3 million tons (including goats), accounting for 20.3% of the world's mutton output In 1998, the world's average export price per ton of mutton was 2363 US dollars, and China's average export price per ton of mutton was 1452 US dollars Therefore, China's mutton also has a strong absolute price advantage in the world market With Henan as the center, including Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanxi and Shaanxi, the Central Plains beef cattle production area has risen rapidly after more than ten years of development, and Shandong Province has become the largest animal husbandry province in China The number of beef cattle in the Central Plains increased from about 30 million in 1990 to 48 million in 1995, and the number of cattle released increased from 4.8 million in 1990 to about 15.5 million in 1995 In 1995, the average ketone body of Zhongyuan beef cattle was 152 kg, more than that of Northeast China Beef output increased from 604000 tons in 1990 to 2.4 million tons in 1995, with a faster increase It is adjacent to Tongliao City and Hei, Ji and Liao provinces It is known as China's granary Due to its superior position, straw and feed resources are very rich, and the dairy industry develops rapidly, occupying the development space of meat products in our league At present, China's meat market has been in a state of temporary relative saturation, and the per capita share of meat has exceeded the world average Among them, the per capita pork share is about 2 times of the world average These have brought challenges to the development of Hulun dairy and meat industry 1 The ecological environment of the grassland is deteriorating, drought and rat damage are frequent, and the capacity of carrying livestock on the grassland is declining At present, there are 399000 hectares of degraded grassland in the whole league, which has exceeded 40% of the available grassland area and expanded at a rate of 2% every year The construction speed of artificial grassland and improved grassland is only 0.2% per year, which is far lower than the speed of desertification To some extent, it should be said that the development of animal husbandry in Hulu League is the result of sacrificing the ecological environment 2 The traditional animal husbandry is still the main animal husbandry in Hohhot League Although kinds of rams and bulls such as Aomei, Demei and ximentar have been introduced and improved, the main animal husbandry business of Hohhot League is individual farmers and herdsmen, that is, family management is the main business, the scale is small, the quality and efficiency are low, and most farmers and herdsmen have little or no profit 3 The scale of dairy and meat processing enterprises is small, the production capacity is relatively low, and the distribution is unreasonable, which affects the construction and development of dairy and meat base 4 The market circulation system is not perfect, which affects the development of milk and meat grass industry and the smooth logistics Chinese products are mainly consumed at home, and the proportion of participating in international trade has been very small In 1998, the export volume of animal products in China was 1.708 billion, but in terms of volume, the export volume of meat products in 1998 was only 686000 tons, accounting for only 1.17% of China's meat production in that year, and 3% of the world's total meat export volume, which was not commensurate with China's status as a major meat production country After China's accession to the WTO, according to the Uruguay Round negotiations on agriculture and the bilateral and multilateral trade agreements signed between China and other WTO members, China not only needs to significantly reduce the import tariff of meat products, but also to eliminate many non-tariff import restrictions, which intensifies the fierce competition in domestic animal products market The results show that from 1988 to 1998, the export of six kinds of animal products, including live animals, meat, milk, eggs and wool, showed a downward trend At present, the export of live animals has a comparative advantage, the export of milk has a comparative disadvantage, and the export of meat has changed from an export advantage product to an export disadvantage product in recent years Green trade barriers Developed countries make full use of the environmental protection exception right to carry out trade protection In the international trade, the agricultural products of developed countries are easy to enter the market of developing countries, while the agricultural products of developing countries are often excluded from the developed countries because of the environmental protection standards of developed countries As a developing country, the existence of green trade barriers has more negative effects on China's agricultural trade than positive effects As an important part of the economic development of Hulu League, the strategy of Milkvetch has been made clear In order to make the milkvetch grass of Hulu League stronger and bigger rapidly, promote the rapid economic development of Hulu League and enrich the farmers and herdsmen, the following suggestions are put forward: strengthen the construction of ecological environment protection and take the road of sustainable development The natural and pollution-free Hulunbuir grassland is the intangible assets of Hulunbuir League, and it is also one of the advantages and development bases to improve the competitiveness of Hulunbuir dairy industry In order to implement the strategy, we must solve the problems of deterioration of ecological environment, drought and serious rat damage Otherwise, the development of Lactuca grass will lose the guarantee of feed, especially the development of Lactuca grass industry in traditional pastoral areas will be seriously affected The first priority is to do well in advance, retreat, return and grassland improvement, and really solve the problem of false return and less return Second, implement ecological migration; third, prohibit overloading livestock To be strong is the key China has entered the WTO The process of development and expansion of Hulin is the process of participating in domestic and international competition Only when it is stronger, can we ensure that the milkvetch grass of Hulun League has advantages and competitiveness at home and abroad, and provide the premise for its enlargement To be strong, we must increase the content of science and technology, including increasing investment and accelerating the speed of introduction and improvement Improve the scientific and technological content of the equipment in the dairy and meat products enterprises and expand the scale