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For a long time, oil giants have claimed that hydrogen energy is an effective way to reduce carbon emissions
.
After the global outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, oil giants accelerated their transformation and began to invest heavily in pursuing hydrogen energy projects
Oil giants chase hydrogen projects
Oil giants chasing hydrogen energy projects Oil giants chasing hydrogen energy projectsIn recent times, most of the global oil giants have increased investment in hydrogen energy projects, particularly focusing on green hydrogen and blue hydrogen projects, and invested a lot of money
.
According to data from the International Hydrogen Council, as of the end of June, there were 244 large-scale green hydrogen projects in the global plan, an increase of more than 50% from the end of January
Recently, European oil giants such as British Petroleum (BP), Royal Dutch Shell and Total Energy are spending millions of dollars in hydrogen energy projects, which are often supported by the government
.
These investments are part of the deep transformation of European oil giants
Some American oil companies are also chasing hydrogen projects
.
Chevron said the company believes that hydrogen will play a role in transportation, industrial raw materials and energy storage
The advantages of green hydrogen application are not obvious
The advantages of green hydrogen are not obvious.The advantages of green hydrogen are not obvious.
BP’s senior vice president of hydrogen and carbon capture and storage, Louise Jacobson-Plutt, said that BP is exploring the use of hydrogen to replace natural gas in steel, cement and chemical industries, and the use of hydrogen to replace diesel in trucks.
.
BP predicts that if the goal of net zero carbon emissions is to be achieved, by 2050, the proportion of hydrogen in global energy consumption will rise from the current less than 1% to about 16%
However, Michael Liebrica, CEO of consulting firm Liebreich Associates, poured cold water.
He said that he needs to pay attention to where the green hydrogen is best deployed at this stage
.
The priority should be in industries that are difficult to cut carbon emissions, such as fertilizer manufacturing and steel, aviation and shipping
The long-distance transportation industry is discussing the use of green hydrogen, and it is not active
.
In recent months, Scania, a heavy-duty truck brand under Volkswagen, has scaled back its research on hydrogen fuel and switched to batteries
Tom Baxter, a visiting professor of chemical engineering at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland, said that it is too early to judge the role of hydrogen in aviation and shipping
.
"For large trucks passing through the United States or Australia, hydrogen fuel may have a certain effect, but this is on a small scale.
Cost challenge is the main obstacle
Cost challenge is the main obstacle Cost challenge is the main obstacleIndustry experts said that there are still various obstacles to fully realize the potential of hydrogen
.
First, most hydrogen is made from fossil fuels, mainly natural gas, or ash hydrogen
.
The current challenge is how to use renewable electricity to produce hydrogen and realize industrial production to reduce costs
.
The oil giants also admitted that it is not easy to complete the technical reserves for clean hydrogen production in recent years
.
BP does not expect that green hydrogen will become an important part of its business before the 1930s
.
The company also did not make a final investment decision on any new hydrogen projects
.
Jacobson-Plutt said: "It takes time to create a market and reduce costs, because the hydrogen market is still in its infancy, so the cost is higher
.
"
Shell is also struggling to deal with high costs
.
This month, the company launched Europe's largest green hydrogen plant to supply its refinery in the Rhineland, Germany, but the price of green hydrogen is 5 to 7 times that of its main fossil fuel products
.
Industry executives said that the reason why green hydrogen is expensive is because of the cost of electricity required to produce it and the cost of the electrolytic cell
.
The electrolyzer is a system that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen
.
Shell hopes to reduce costs by building hydrogen projects near customers’ factories, such as the construction of a hydrogen project near ArcelorMittal’s steel plant in Hamburg, Germany.
In addition to supplying hydrogen to steel plants, it can also add hydrogen fuel to trucks.
.
Consultants and oil company executives said that the current global transition to large-scale green hydrogen production is to collect and store the carbon produced by natural gas hydrogen production to reduce emissions, that is, to produce so-called blue hydrogen
.
However, blue hydrogen is actually achieved by carbon capture on gray hydrogen
.
This process is still costly and does not contribute much to cost control
.
