October 2, 2020 Science Journal Essence

October 18, 2020 // --- This week, a new issue of Science (October 2, 2020) was published. Let the little editor come with us.
images from the Journal of Science.
1. Science: Revealing adhesive codes to ensure that tissues and anatomical structures in embryonic development correctly form doi:10.1126/science.aba6637 In a new study, researchers from Harvard Medical School, New York University School of Medicine, and the Austrian Institute of Science and Technology have discovered a key control mechanism that cells use for self-assembly during early embryonic development.
findings shed light on the basic processes of multicellular life, opening up new avenues for improving tissue and organ engineering strategies.
the findings were published in the October 2, 2020 issue of the journal Science, under the title "An Adhesion coded securitys robust pattern pattern when tissue morphogenesis."
the researchers found that different types of cells express unique combinations of adhesive molecules during the formation of the spinal cord in zebrafish embryos to self-sort during morphology.
these "adhesion codes" determine which cells are more originally connected and how strong they remain, even if extensive cell rearflopment occurs in a developing embryo.
the researchers found that the adhesion code is regulated by morphogen, the main signaling molecule known to govern cell fate and developing patterns.
results show that the interaction between forming and adhesive properties allows cells to self-assemble with the precision and consistency needed to build an organism.
2.ScienceDaily! Exposure to the common cold coronavirus can teach the body's immune system to recognize SARS-CoV-2doi: 10.1126/science.abd3871 The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019, is now raging around the world.
In a new study, researchers from the La Hoya Institute of Immunology, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, the University of California, San Diego, and the University of Motok in Australia found that memory-assisted T cells that recognize the common cold coronavirus can also identify matching bits on SARS-CoV-2.
results were published online August 4, 2020 in the journal Science under the title "Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans". Dr Daniela Weiskopf, co-author of the
paper and an assistant professor of research at the La Hoya Institute of Immunology, said, "We have now shown that in some people, pre-existing T-cell memories of the common cold coronavirus can cross-identify SARS-CoV-2, even to molecular structures.
may help explain why some people show mild symptoms of the disease, while others get seriously ill.
.3.Science: Spinal cord stem cells can help repair doi:10.1126/science.abb8795; doi:10.1126/science.abe1661 Spinal cord injury usually leads to permanent dysfunction.
a new study published in the journal Science at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that stem cells in the spinal cord in mice can be stimulated to form a large number of new, less dextive glial cells that are necessary for neurons' ability to transmit signals to help repair the injured spinal cord.
specifically, the researchers carefully analyzed spinal cord stem cells at the genetic level of mice and found that stimulating them with the right signals allowed them to produce less protrusive glial cell formation.
by controlling which genes in the stem cells are activated, they are able to stimulate the production of a large number of new less dextive glial cells, leading to improved nerve fiber function in the damaged spinal cord.
4.Science: Study reveals that DNA mutations cause bladder cancer doi:10.1126/science.aba8347; doi:10.1126/science.abe0955 In a recent study, the first comprehensive study of DNA mutations in bladder tissue in healthy and bladder cancer patients showed that "cancer-driven" mutations are common in healthy bladder tissue.
the study, conducted by scientists and their collaborators at the Wellcome Sanger Institute at the University of Cambridge, provides an unprecedented perspective on the first step in the formation of bladder cancer.
study, published today in the journal Science, found a high degree of difference between the number and type of DNA changes between individuals, suggesting that a number of factors affect the development of bladder cancer.
also provided new insights into the link between smoking and bladder cancer.
addition, the researchers found that despite the high total number of mutations, mutations in key cancer genes such as TP53, FGFR3 and TRT were virtually nonexistent in healthy bladder tissue.
because mutations in these genes are common in bladder tumors, their presence is a powerful indicator of the onset of the disease.
5.Science: The observation of soda cell cloning amplification doi:10.1126/science.aba7300; doi:10.1126/science.abe0955 Understanding the accumulation of soda cell mutations in normal cells is critical to understanding the development and evolution of cancer, but knowledge is still largely lacking.
in a new study, researchers at Peking University in China looked at sophyte cell cloning events in normal-form human urethra (MNU) and identified cloning amplifications visible to the naked eye.
as a natural herb-derived compound, aristolochic acid is the main mutate driver in MNU.
rapidly accelerates the accumulation of mutations and enhances cloning amplification.
mutations in MNU are widely observed in chromatin remodeling genes such as KMT2D and KDM6A, but are rarely observed in the TP53, PIK3CA, and FGFR3 genes.
found that KMT2D mutations are common in urethra skin cells, regardless of whether they experience exposure to extroverts.
changes in the number of copies are rare and are mainly confined to small areas accompanied by copy-neutral hybrid loss.
clones associated with individual horse-ring acid in MNU can be expanded to several square centimeters in size.
6.Science: When designing and designing land protected areas, both land and freshwater systems should be considered: 10.1126/science.aba7580;Doi:10.1126/science.abe3887 When designing land protected areas, species and system needs are usually considered from a land perspective, assuming that any freshwater system will also benefit.
Leal and others examined this hypothesis by analyzing data from two parts of Brazil's Amazon region and found that it was inaccurate: land systems brought little benefit to freshwater systems.
, however, the authors also found that integrating the needs of freshwater species into overall protected area planning resulted in a 600 per cent increase in the benefits of freshwater systems and a reduction of only 1 per cent in land systems.
that protected area planning must take into account freshwater systems in order to be protected in both systems.
7.Science: Mouse sex-determining gene Sry contains a second secret exon doi:10.1126/science.abb6430 For decades, it has been thought that mammalian sex-determining gene Sry contains a single exon.
, Miyawaki and others have discovered a secret second exon in the mouse Sry.
loss of function and functional gain analysis showed that these two exon-coded SRY (SRY-T), rather than the classic single exon-coded SRY(SRY-S), are the real testicular determining factors.
Sry exon2 consists of sequences derived from reverse transcription transconstations.
the SRY-S-based end contains a degradation sequence (degradation-solving synth), while the Sry-T-based end encoded by Sry exon2 does not contain a degron, giving the SRY-T protein stability.
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