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In a new study published in the journal Science, Yale University researchers, in collaboration with researchers at Karolinska Institutet, have developed a technique that provides insights into the location of activated and deactivated genes in specific tissues very precise information
.
This can provide important knowledge about how different tissues develop and how epigenetic regulation contributes to disease development
Every cell in our body, regardless of function, contains the same genome (DNA), but the difference lies in which genes are activated
.
This is regulated by epigenetics
While current techniques allow scientists to examine epigenetic modifications in individual cells, it is not yet possible to analyze them directly in tissue at cellular resolution
.
This is a key hurdle because there is a strong link between how cells are organized in tissues and how they function
Added a whole new dimension
Now, researchers have developed a new technique, Space-CUT&Tag
.
It solves this problem and provides very precise information about which genes are turned on and off in tissue sections and where they are located
"This is the first time we've seen which histone modifications directly control genome-wide gene expression in tissues, and how they do so -- adding a whole new dimension to this emerging field of space biology," said U.
S.
The researchers studied the brains of mice and looked specifically at the modification of chromatin, the substance that wraps cellular DNA and controls its access
.
Identifiers—such as GPS coordinates—are placed on entire tissue sections, allowing researchers to locate tissues with epigenetic modifications across the genome
Wide range of applications
"Previously, you could go cell-by-cell, but then you lose all information about where the cells are and where they might be interacting," said co-author Gonçalo Castelo-Branco, professor in the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
With this technology, we now also have a spatial location
.
Plus, you can determine all the epigenetic information in this location, which is one of the really amazing aspects of this technology
The researchers stress that the technique has broad scientific and medical applications and hope that it can be used to better understand disease development
.
"Epigenetic drugs are on the rise, so we have the potential to develop drugs that target these epigenetic mechanisms," Fan said
.
"Having the tools to understand the epigenetic origins of different disease states could open up a whole new avenue of treatment
Fan and lead author Yanxiang Deng of Yale University are the inventors on the patent application related to this work
.
This news article is based on a Yale University press release
.
Related news: "Science" single-cell spatial resolution chromatinome modification map
publication
“Spatial-CUT&Tag: Spatially Resolved Chromatin Modification Profiling at Tissue Scale and Cellular Level” .
Yanxiang Deng, Marek Bartosovic, Petra Kukanja, Di Zhang, Yang Liu, Graham Su, Archibald Enninful, Zhiliang Bai, Gon?alo Castelo-Branco, Rong Fan.
Science , online 10 February 2022, doi: 10.
1126/science.
abg7216.
