New Research Progress on New Coronavirus 2019-nCoV/COVID-19 (No. 9)

, June 30, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --- Since December 8, 2019, several cases of pneumonia with an unknown cause have been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Most of the patients work edtherece at or near the local South China Seafood Wholesale Market. In the early stages of this pneumonia, severe symptoms of acute respiratory infections develop, and some patients develop rapidly into acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS, acute respiratory failure and other serious complications. On January 7, 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified a new coronavirus from a patient's pharynx sample, initially named 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO). Most patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia have mild symptoms and a good prognosis. So far, some patients have developed severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS or multiple organ failure and death.11 February 2020, WHO renamed the disease 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). On the same day, the Coronary Virus Research Group of the International Committee on Virus Classification and Naming viruses published an article in bioRxiv, noting that the team had decided that the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV was a variant of the 2002-2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV. Therefore, the new pathogen was renamed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2. It is worth noting that although the International Virus Classification Board's Coronary Virus Research Group named the virus SARS-CoV-2, the team's chairman, John Ziebuhr, does not believe that the name (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, also known as atypical pneumonia). However, the renaming of the virus has caused a lot of controversy. The World Health Organization is not satisfied with the name SARS-CoV-2 and does not intend to use it, Science.com reported.coronavirus can cause multi-system infections in a variety of animals. Prior to this, there were six coronaviruses that could infect humans, mainly causing respiratory infections in humans: two highly deadly coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and MERS (MERS) coronaviruses (MERS-CoV);based on the serious harm caused by this outbreak in China and around the world, the small editor combed through the progress made in the recent 2019-nCoV/COVID-19 study in order to reach readers.
1.
. bioRxiv: The structure of polysaccharide molecules of the analytical package by SARS-CoV-2 stingproteins is expected to help develop a new candidate vaccine
doi: 10.1101/2020.03.010322, published in a study published on the pre-print editing platform bioRxiv. In a study that revealed the basic characteristics of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, researchers have developed a model of the virus's sting protein for the first time, and reveal how the virus self-disguises itself into host cells without being detected by the host, which researchers hope will target to develop new antibodies and vaccines.
Picture Source: University of Southampton. . The surface of SARS-CoV-2 has a large number of stingproteins, which can adsorb and enter the human host body cells, these protrusion surface stoic molecules include, it can disguise viral proteins and help them evade the host immune system surveillance, and eventually successfully enter the host cell. In this study, researchers used advanced technology to study the structure of polysaccharides molecules that cover the surface of viral stingprotein simulations, and then they mapped these polysaccharides molecules, based on which they were able to illustrate how the surface of viral proteins binds to antibodies, which is critical for vaccine design. Professor Crispin, aresearcher, said that by encased in polysaccharides, the virus would look like a wolf in sheep's clothing, and an important finding in the study was that the coronavirus may not have the same level of protection as other viruses, regardless of how many sugar molecules there are on the virus's sting protein. Viruses such as HIV roam around the host body, having to evade the host's immune system and have a very dense layer of polysaccharides to act as a shield against the host's immune system. But in the context of SARS-CoV-2, sugar molecules attached to the virus's low-shielding capacity may reflect that the virus is a "hit-and-run" virus that spreads from one person to another, but a lower concentration of polysaccharides also means that the immune system uses antibodies to neutralise the virus, which may be a very important thing for later vaccine development.
2.Cell Sub-journal: Developade a new system for combating SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.004 new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) caused by 2019 coronavirus virus disease (COVID-19), which is now raging around the world. In a new study, researchers from the Galveston Medical Division of the University of Texas in the United States have developed a new system that will allow scientists to develop vaccines faster and evaluate vaccines in development, diagnose infected people and explore how the coronavirus evolved. The findings are published online in the form of a manuscript of a paper published online in the journal "An infectious cDNA clone of SARS-CoV-2".led by Dr. Pei-Yong Shi, a professor of human genetics at the University of Texas Galveston Medical Division, the researchers developed a new system for SARS-CoV-2 by adapting a reverse genetic operating system.reverse genetic operating system is one of the most useful tools for research and anti-virus. The system allows scientists to make viruses in the lab and manipulate them in petri dishes. By retrofitting the system, the researchers designed a modified version of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that would have been marked neon green. When this labeled virus infects cells, the infected cells turn green.
3. Antivir Res: The coronavirus membrane fusion mechanism provides a potential target for the development of antiviral drugs
doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104792 new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) caused by 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is now raging around the world. In a new study, researchers from Cornell University in the United States identified a potential target for COVID-19 antiviral therapy. The findings, published online April 6, 2020 in the journal Antiviral Research , focus on the structure and characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-SARS (SARS)-MEC (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - focusing on--- the integration of the virus- With the current OUTBREAK OF COVID-19, they compared the fusion peptide sequences of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and found that their sequence matching was as high as 93%. 's Susan Daniel research team at Cornell University specializes in the biophysical properties of cell membranes; Gary Whittaker of Cornell University studies the entry of influenza viruses and coronaviruses into host cells. A joint team of Daniel's team and Whittaker's team is studying the complex process of --- a key part of this membrane fusion --- the mechanism for the spread of coronaviruses.
4.
. mBio: The development of a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is a joke! Low-dose PIV5 vaccine nasal vaccination protects mice from the deadly dose of MERS-CoV
doi: 10.1128/mBio.00554-20 In a new study, researchers at the University of Iowa and the University of Georgia in the United States have developed a vaccine that can completely protect mice from the deadly dose of MERS-CoV. The vaccine uses a harmless virus to deliver a MERS-CoV protein into cells to produce an immune response, which could provide hope for the development of vaccines for other coronavirus diseases, including COVID-19. The results of the study were published online April 7, 2020 in the journal mBio, with the title "Single-Dose, Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Para Para Virus 5 Expressing Air Mirth Ying East SeinCe S- Spike S. Cell S. Mice from MerS-Co-Cell." The paper's authors are Dr. Paul McCray of the University of Iowa's Carver School of Medicine and Dr. Biao He of the University of Georgia's School of Veterinary Medicine.
picture from mBio, 2020, doi: 10.1128/mBio.00554-20.the researchers tested a candidate vaccine in a genetically modified mouse that was sensitive to MERS-CoV. The vaccine is a harmless secondary influenza virus (PIV5) that carries MERS-CoV to infect host cells with the stingy protein. All the mice that had been vaccinated survived the deadly dose of MERS-CoV. . "Our new research suggests that PIV5 may be a useful vaccine platform for emerging coronavirus diseases, including COVID-19," McCray said. By using the same strategy, a candidate vaccine for PIV5 based on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 stingproteins has been produced. We are planning more research in animals to test the ability of the PIV5-based vaccine to prevent diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2.
5.Nat Med: Scientists are calling for a global response to protect the most vulnerable population seside during the COVID-19 outbreak
doi: 10.1038/s41591-0851-2 new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) leading to 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19), which is now raging around the world. On 8 April 2020, a commentary paper entitled "COVID-19 in humanitarian settings and lessons learned from past epidemics" published in the journal Nature Medicine called for a global response to protect the most vulnerable populationduring the OUTBREAK of COVID-19.the authors point out that displaced persons, including refugees and migrants, are often the first to be stigmatized and unjustly blamed for causing the spread of disease, but that during the COVID-19 outbreak they were also among the most vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself and the measures taken to control it.the paper draws on the collective field experience gained by staff at the Program on Immigration and Health Project at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health who are currently working on humanitarian response and health system strengthening in the field after being deployed.
6.PNAS: Uncover the early evolutionary path of COVID-19, or uncover the mystery of the origin of the new crown virus!
doi: 10.1073/pnas.200499117. Researchers from Cambridge, the UK and Germany used genetic networking techniques to reconstruct the early "evolutionary pathways" of COVID-19 in humans. By analyzing the first 160 complete viral genomes, they have mapped out some new coronaviruses that have been transmitted through the original transmission of their mutations, which produce different viral lines. the systematic development network method used by researchers -- allowing simultaneous visualization of numbers in a simple chart.