New progress in the field of spinal cord injury repair interpreted by the research results of heavyweight level!

In this paper, the author summarizes the achievements of scientists in the field of spinal cord injury repair in recent years and shares them with you! 【1】 SCI Rep: scientists are expected to use nasal cells to successfully treat human spinal cord injury doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28551-2 recently, an international journal published in scientific In the report, researchers from the University of Griffith developed growing nasal cells in the laboratory through research, which may help patients with spinal cord injury (including some patients in wheelchairs) in the future At present, researchers have successfully treated mice with spinal cord injury by using the nasal cells Our researchers put nerve cells in mice with spinal cord injury, and then we found that these mice began to recover quickly and walk again, but we still need to improve the treatment, said Mo Chen, the researcher One of the difficulties we face in this research is how to effectively cultivate cells in the laboratory Our body is in a 3D state, not a 2D state Therefore, the best way to ultimately promote the growth of such cells in the laboratory is to use 3D means So researchers developed a new method, which can cultivate healthy 3D culture medium in a short time 【2】 J neurotrauma: scientists have developed a new compound doi: 10.1089/neu.2017.5297, which can successfully treat spinal cord injury Recently, in a research report published in the International Journal of neurotrauma, researchers from Purdue University found that an experimental drug may be a potential treatment for spinal cord injury by studying animals The special compound, 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol, works in a similar way to the previously developed drug 4-AP, which has been approved by the FDA to treat multiple sclerosis In this study, the researchers compared the effects of these two compounds in cell culture medium and animal model body; researcher Riyi Shi said, we found for the first time that compound 4-aminopyrin-3-methanol can restore the body functions of patients with chronic spinal cord injury, and it can reduce the patients' neurological pain to a greater extent compared with 4-AP Because of the serious problems of spinal cord injury patients with persistent chronic injury, compound 4-aminopyrine-3-carbinol may be potentially used to reduce pain in patients, which does not depend on any exercise benefits 【3】 Cell: significant progress has been made in the treatment of spinal cord injury! Using small molecular compounds to reactivate the spinal circuit doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.005 most patients with spinal cord injury are paralyzed from below the injury site, even if the spinal cord is not completely cut off Why can't the intact part of the spinal cord continue to function? Now, in a new study, researchers from Nantong University in China, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham women's Hospital in the United States have provided a new understanding of why the neural circuit in the spinal cord (i.e spinal circuit) remains inhibited They also confirmed that when administered throughout the body, a small molecule compound can activate these neural circuits in paralyzed mice, restoring their ability to walk The results were published online in the journal Cell on July 19, 2018 This is the most significant functional recovery we know of for this fairly severe type of spinal cord injury, the researchers said We see 80% of the mice treated with this compound return to walking ability " Many animal studies trying to repair spinal cord injury focus on regenerating nerve fibers or axons, or sprouting new axons from healthy axons Although he's laboratory and others have achieved impressive axonal regeneration and sprouting before, the impact on animal motor function is still not so clear after suffering from severe spinal cord injury Some studies have tried to use neuromodulators such as serotonin drugs to stimulate neural circuits in the spinal cord, but this only leads to short-term uncontrolled limb movements 【4】 PNAs: Chinese scientists have successfully developed a new treatment for acute spinal cord injury in macaques, which is expected to be applied to human body! doi：10.1073/pnas.1804735115 Spinal cord injury is one of the most serious and difficult to treat human diseases It usually induces permanent disability, including muscle function loss, sensory and autonomic function loss, etc at present, the medical community treats the patients with serious spinal cord injury by inducing the repair of spinal cord nerve In recent years, scientists have conducted relevant research in rodents and primates Remarkable achievements have also been made Recently, in a research report published in the international journal PNAs, scientists from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics of China and other institutions developed a successful treatment through chitosan loaded with neurotrophic factor-3 (NT3), which can effectively treat monkeys with induced acute spinal cord injury and promote their subsequent functional recovery Previously, the same treatment conducted by researchers in rodents had very promising results, but for the first time in this study, researchers in primates had similar results, which may be of great significance for the development of therapies suitable for human treatment 【5】 Nat methods: using human pluripotent stem cells to produce spinal cord neural stem cells doi: 10.1038/s41592-018-0074-3 in a new study, researchers from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine reported that they successfully produced spinal cord neural stem cells (NSC) using human pluripotent stem cells (hpsc) These neural stem cells differentiate into different groups of cells that can spread throughout the spinal cord and can be maintained for a long time The relevant research results were published online in the Journal of Nature Methods on August 6, 2018, with the title of "generation and post investment integration of human internal core natural stem cells" This research result will not only promote basic research, such as biomedical application of in vitro disease model, but also provide an improved clinically convertible cell source for the development of replacement strategies for spinal cord injury and disease In recent years, a large number of studies have been carried out to explore the potential of using stem cells derived from hpsc to produce new spinal cord cells needed to repair damaged or diseased spinal cord Scientists have made steady progress in this area, but it has been slow and limited 【6】 Cell stem cell: the results of phase I clinical trials are gratifying for patients with stem cell therapy or spinal cord injury Doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.014 recently, a research report published in the international journal Cell stem cell, scientists from the University of California reported the first phase I clinical trial of human through research Results: in the study of four subjects, NSCs were transplanted into patients with chronic spinal cord injury, three of them had significant improvement in disease symptoms, and no serious side effects Joseph ciacci, M.D., said the aim of the clinical trial was to assess neural stem cells The safety of transplantation therapy, and at present we have not observed the occurrence of operation related complications in any patients; our research results also show that this therapy can be implemented safely, and in the later stage, we need to conduct in-depth research to confirm the early signs of efficacy, at the same time, we should also explore further dose increase treatment In this paper, the researchers used the human spinal cord derived neural stem cell line produced by neuralstem company in Maryland to conduct research on four clinical subjects with permanent injury of t2-t12 thoracic vertebrae (which has occurred for one and two years) Each injection contains 1.2 million neural stem cell units In a research report published in 2013, researchers said that transplanting neural stem cells into rats with spinal cord injury can improve the nerve regeneration of rats, and improve the related functions and motility of rats 【7】 Nat Med: it's the first time that human neural stem cell transplantation can improve the grip of monkeys with spinal cord injury doi: 10.1038/nm.4502 in a new study, researchers reported that human neural stem cells transplanted into the injured spinal cord of monkeys mature into neurons, triggering the formation of neural connections, thus improving their ability to grasp oranges The relevant research results were recently published in the Journal of Nature Medicine, and the title of the paper is "restorative effects of human natural stem cell grafts on the primitive internal core" Jonathan glass, a neuroscientist at the University of Emory School of medicine in the United States (who was not involved in the study), told scientists in an email: "although this type of cell therapy is still in the initial stage, it may eventually be a reasonable way to treat central nervous system injury or even human neurodegenerative diseases." Glass pointed out that the differentiation of stem cells after a period of time is "impressive", just like their ability to establish neural connections in the central nervous system of monkeys, but more research is needed to prove that these cells can grow extremely long axons to connect motor neurons and sensory neurons after human suffering from spinal cord injury 【8】 Cell: heavyweight! Scientists are expected to develop new methods for the repair of human spinal cord injury! doi：10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.004 The healing ability of the central nervous system is very limited, and brain or spinal cord injury usually leads to permanent functional defects Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Cell, researchers from Karolin college in Sweden found an important mechanism or can explain why the above results appear Based on the latest research results, future research The researchers hope to improve the recovery of tissue function in mice with spinal cord injury In many organs, the damaged tissues can be repaired by regenerating the missing cell types However, when the central nervous system of the body is injured, special types of scar tissue will be formed, which will often inhibit the regeneration and repair of the damaged tissues, while the brain and spinal cord injury will often induce permanent loss of function or ability 【9】 JEM: intestinal flora may help patients recover from spinal cord injury doi: 10.1084/jem.20151345 days ago, researchers from Ohio State University found through research that spinal cord injury can change the type of intestinal bacteria, and the change of the type of bacteria will also aggravate the degree of individual neurological injury and injury repair, relevant research published in the International Journal of On Experimental Medicine, the researchers note that neutralizing these changes with probiotics may help patients recover from spinal cord injury Hundreds of millions of bacteria living in the gastrointestinal tract are collectively referred to as intestinal microbiome When non pathogenic microorganisms are eliminated or inhibited by pathogenic inflammatory bacteria, the microbial community in the intestinal tract of the body will be out of order Many autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, are directly related to the ecological imbalance of the intestinal microbiome, and the intestinal microbiome is directly related to the ecological imbalance