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A team of researchers from University Hospital and Case Western Reserve University has discovered a small molecule drug that can effectively lower cholesterol
by 70 percent in animal models.
PCSK9 inhibitors are the second most common type of
drug used to control cholesterol levels after statins.
These drugs are very effective at reducing excess cholesterol in the blood, but unlike statins, which can be taken orally, PCSK9 inhibitors must be injected
.
This can be a barrier
to using them for some.
Researchers at University Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have developed a small molecule drug
that can be taken orally.
In animal models, the drug has been shown to significantly reduce PCSK9 levels and reduce cholesterol by 70%.
The findings, published in the journal Cell Reports, represent a new way to manage cholesterol that could also have implications
for cancer treatment.
"Lowering cholesterol is one of the most important therapies we can use to prolong life and protect people from heart disease, which remains the number one cause
of morbidity and mortality in the Western world.
" Jonathan S.
Stamler, MD, said
.
Statins currently only lower cholesterol
.
We think it's a new way to lower cholesterol, a new way
to combat PCSK9.
”
At the heart of cholesterol regulation are LDL receptors, which sit on the surface of liver cells and remove cholesterol from the blood, thereby lowering serum levels
.
PCSK9 in the blood controls their number
by labeling degradation of LDL receptors.
Thus, drugs that inhibit PCSK9 increase the number of
LDL receptors that remove cholesterol.
Nitric oxide is a molecule that prevents heart attacks
by dilating blood vessels.
In the new study, Stamler and his colleagues showed that nitric oxide can also target and inhibit PCSK9, thereby lowering cholesterol
.
They found a small molecule drug that works to increase nitric oxide inactivation
of PCSK9.
Mice treated with this drug had a 70 percent reduction in LDL "bad" cholesterol
.
In addition to affecting the field of cholesterol metabolism, these findings may also affect cancer patients, as emerging evidence suggests that targeting PCSK9 can improve the efficacy
of cancer immunotherapy.
Stamler said: "PCSK9 not only targets the LDL receptor for degradation, but also mediates the degradation of MHC 1 on lymphocytes, which is used to recognize cancer cells
.
PCSK9 can effectively block lymphocytes from recognizing cancer cells
.
So, if you inhibit PCSK9, you can enhance your body's cancer surveillance
.
Perhaps one day, we will have the opportunity to apply these new drugs to this need
.
”
References: "A multienzyme S-nitrosylation cascade regulates cholesterol homeostasis" by Colin T.
Stomberski, Nicholas M.
Venetos, Hua-Lin Zhou, Zhaoxia Qian, Bryce R.
Collison, Seth J.
Field, Richard T.
Premont and Jonathan S.
Stamler, 25 October 2022, Cell Reports.