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Neurological symptoms are a relatively common sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and about one-quarter of COVID-19 survivors have persistent cognitive impairment
On January 10, 2022, the preprint platform bioRxiv published the results of the study titled "Mildrespiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multi-lineage cellular dysregulation and myelin loss in the brain"
Research results (Source: bioRxiv)
The study found that SARS-CoV-2-infected mouse models had significantly elevated cytokine profiles in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 7 days and 7 weeks after respiratory infection compared with control mice
Cytokine analysis of serum and CSF at 7 days and 7 weeks after infection (Source: bioRxiv)
The researchers also compared microglial reactivity in a mouse model of mild COVID-19 with control mice and found increased microglial reactivity in the subcortical white matter at 7 days and 7 weeks post-infection.
Activation of mouse white matter microglia following mild respiratory infection with SARS-CoV-2 (Credit: bioRxiv)
Reactivity of human white matter microglia following SARS-CoV-2 infection (Credit: bioRxiv)
It has been previously reported that reactive microglia can inhibit the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus
Quantification and representative confocal microscopy images of neuroblasts in mouse dentate gyrus at 7 days and 7 weeks post-infection (Credit: bioRxiv)
In addition, inflammatory cytokines can also directly inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis
The researchers also examined the effect of mild SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection on oligodendrocyte cell lines and found that the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells remained unchanged at 7 days after infection, but 7 weeks after infection.
Quantitative changes and representative transmission electron microscopy images of myelinated axons of the mouse corpus callosum (Credit: bioRxiv)
The data in this paper highlight that even mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe multicellular dysregulation in the brain, adding to the strong evidence that COVID-19 causes neurological dysfunction