New breakthroughs in stroke treatment, blood transfusions may improve stroke symptoms

the first study to show that blood replacement therapy can improve stroke outcomes in mice.
Stroke, also known as stroke, is a group of diseases with ischemic and hemorrhagic injury to the brain as the main clinical manifestations, with rapid onset and high death rate. Tissue lysolysin activator (tPA) is the only treatment approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for isohemic stroke, but the drug must be taken within three hours to be effective.A recent study published in Nature Communications suggests a new stroke treatment strategy that opens up new ways to save stroke patients. In the report, researchers from the Department of Neuroscience at the University of West Virginia demonstrated in mouse experiments that replacing 20 percent of the blood of stroke mice (8 to 12 months) with blood from young mice (3 to 6 months) after a stroke significantly reduced the latter's stroke symptoms, reduced the volume of infarction in the brain, and improved neurological deficiency.In this experiment, the researchers modeled a temporary arterial embolism (tMCAO) stroke in the mouse's brain and found that the stroke changed the cell morphology in the mouse's blood. Compared with healthy mice, the absolute number of cells in stroke mice with neutral granulocytes (Gr1 plus), monocytes, CD4 plus cells, CD8 plus cells, and NK1.1 plus cells increased significantly, while the number of protective CD19 plus B cells decreased in acute stroke, indicating that blood may play a key role in the evolution of stroke, leading to damage to the way the brain and body react.The researchers then used blood from young healthy mice to perform blood replacement (BR) in tMCAO mice, and recorded changes in overall cerebral blood flow in mice before and after treatment, and found that BR was effective in restoring overall cerebral blood flow in mice. At the same time, a large number of denatured neurons can be detected in the brains of tMCAO mice, which are rare in BR-treated mice, and brain infarction does not develop further. These data suggest that BR therapy has far-reaching protection in the isoemia brain and provides a therapeutic effect for stroke.Why can blood replacement help improve stroke in mice? To understand why, the researchers assessed cell subsethics in the blood of stroke mice before, during and after BR. The results showed that the total number of white blood cells and neutral granulocytes in the blood of stroke mice decreased significantly during and after BR, while BR therapy significantly reduced the levels of inflammative cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-α, and coercion factor CXCL1 in the plasma of stroke mice. Later, the researchers confirmed that BR therapy reduced inflammation cell immersion in the brains of stroke mice.These data suggest that blood replacement may not only dilute mouse plasma, but more importantly reduce cascading responses to strokes, providing far-reaching protection in the stroke brain.In further experiments, the researchers found that MMP-9, a protease expressed by neutral granulocytes and macrophages/monocytes, may be the key to BR's treatment of stroke. Compared with normal mice, the content of MMP-9 increased in tMCAO mouse plasma, and after BR treatment, MMP-9 levels in stroke mice plasma and istemia and half-brain decreased significantly.If the blood of the replaced healthy mice was treated with MMP-9 in advance, the effect of BR therapy would be impaired and stroke infarction and neurological disorders in mice would become more severe. These facts suggest that reducing MMP-9 levels may be one of the most important mechanisms for BR to treat stroke."What we've learned is that stroke is not a cerebrovascular event at all," said James Simpkins, co-author of the report and a professor in the Department of Neuroscience at the University of West Virginia. It's a whole-body event. Both the brain and the body receive signals that a change is taking place in the brain, and as the immune system responds and tries to help, the results get worse. In, this is the first study to show that blood replacement therapy can improve stroke outcomes in mice, providing new insights into the mechanisms of stroke injury or lead to new clinical breakthroughs in stroke treatment. (Biological Exploration):1.Blood substitution therapy rescues the brain of mice from ischemic damage.2.New blood, new hope: Transfusions protect the brain from stroke damage.2.New blood, new hope: Transfusions protect the brain from stroke damage.