New breakthrough!

Recently, a team of experts from the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition in Japan successfully conducted an AIDS vaccine trial in cynomolgus monkeys

In the future, the research team hopes to harvest the virus from AIDS patients who are taking medication and make individual vaccines for treatment

Developing an effective AIDS vaccine has become one of the most challenging scientific challenges

The current difficulties in the development of AIDS vaccines are mainly due to the following aspects: 1) The current research has not yet fully clarified what cellular and/or humoral immunity can provide effective immune protection against HIV infection and control HIV Disease progression after infection; 2) HIV can only infect humans, and cannot infect other species and cause disease (a few species of orangutans can be infected but not develop disease), so there is no ability to fully simulate the pathological response and disease progression of HIV infection in humans animal model

In the past 30 years, HIV vaccine development has gone through 3 stages: vaccines that induce humoral immunity; vaccines that induce T-cell immunity; and vaccines that induce both antibody and cellular immunity, namely:

Phase 1: In this phase, researchers induced neutralizing antibodies against HIV according to the classical vaccine strategy, without considering the role of cellular immunity, represented by Vaxgen's AIDSVAX B/B and AIDSVAX B/E, its Phase III The failure of the clinical trial suggests that only antibody immunity cannot provide sufficient immune protection against HIV infection; in the second phase, the main goal of vaccine development is to stimulate T-cell immune responses, represented by MRKAd5 HIV from Merck and NIH in the United States.

At present, the research and development of AIDS vaccine focuses on the balance of humoral and cellular immune responses.

Currently, there is no cure for AIDS

Different classes of drugs block the virus in different ways

HIV drugs mainly include the following categories: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which block the reverse transcriptase required for HIV to replicate itself

So far, there are six categories of AIDS antiviral drugs in China, 22 kinds of single drugs and 13 kinds of fixed compound tablets, so there is still a certain gap between us and 29 kinds of single drugs and 22 kinds of fixed tablets in the world

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references:

[1] Tan Shuguang, Shi Yi, Liu Jun, et al.

[2] Bertrand L, Velichkovska M, Toborek M.

[3] Hayes RJ, Donnell D, Floyd S, et al.