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As one of the current anti-cancer therapies with full potential, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has achieved optimistic results in the treatment of hematological tumors.
This therapy has been used in patients with advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
A remission rate of 80% was obtained
.
For example, Emily Whitehead, the first leukemia child to receive CAR-T therapy, has been treated in 2012 and has not detected the presence of cancer cells in her body for nearly 10 years
These results have also attracted the attention of many laboratories around the world.
At present, there are more than 500 clinical trials of CAR-T therapy for the treatment of cancer
.
Although CAR-T therapy has made amazing achievements in the treatment of hematological tumors, it still has certain limitations, that is, it has little effect on solid tumors
CAR-T therapy requires the modification of the patient’s own T cells in vitro, so that the T cells carry specific chimeric antigen receptors, and after the modification is successful, they can be infused into the patient’s body, so they can be well exposed to the blood environment.
Tumor cells
.
However, previous studies have found that it is difficult for CAR-T cells to function in the area of solid tumors.
But if it can artificially regulate the environment around the tumor and activate CAR-T cells, will it be able to exert the magical ability of CAR-T cells and break solid tumors? Recently, the new research of "Nature-Biomedical Engineering" has demonstrated the new technology of remote control of CAR-T cells
.
The research team installed a temperature control switch for CAR-T cells, which enables CAR-T cells to "wake up" under appropriate temperature stimulation and exert their anti-cancer effects
.
With the switch, the next step is to appropriately raise the temperature of the CAR-T cell position
▲Using laser and gold nanorods, researchers can heat up the tumor in mice (picture source: reference [1])
They tried to put some gold nanorods in the tumor area, and then controlled the temperature of this area through laser pulses outside the body
.
Gold nanorods can convert light into heat, causing the local temperature to rise slightly, reaching approximately 40-42°C
Once activated, CAR-T cells will begin to play an immune role and kill tumor cells
.
In many improvements, the researchers have also updated CAR-T cells so that they can additionally express some cancer-fighting proteins that activate the immune system after work
▲The temperature-controlled CAR-T cells can gradually reduce the tumor
.
(Image source: Reference [1])
In an in vitro test, the researchers heated the modified T cells for 15-30 minutes to increase the expression of the reporter gene by more than 60 times, and this process would not affect the proliferation, migration and cytotoxicity of the T cells
When researchers use this technique in mice, not only does the tumor shrink continuously, but it can also prevent cancer from recurring, which is critical to improving the long-term survival of individuals
Researchers are currently trying to improve the heating method to ensure that they can safely use the technology in future human trials
Note: The original text has been deleted
Reference materials:
[1] Miller, IC, Zamat, A.
, Sun, LK.
et al.
Enhanced intratumoural activity of CAR T cells engineered to produce immunomodulators under photothermal control.
Nat Biomed Eng (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038 /s41551-021-00781-2
[2] Heat-controllable CAR T cells destroy tumors and prevent relapse in new study, Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://
