New advances in antibody therapy for a variety of diseases!

In this article, we've compiled some of the important research results scientists have recently made in the field of antibody therapy and learn from them! Photo source: medicalgraphics.de 1: Cell sub-magazine interpretation! Scientists dig deep into the antibody spectrum to find a cure for SARS-CoV-2! doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.09.010 Recently, an article appeared in the international magazine Cell Host . In a review published on Microbe entitled "Mining The Antibody Repertoire for Solutions to SARS-CoV-2," scientists from the University of Pennsylvania and others have revealed potential convergence characteristics of these antibodies in the context of larger multiclonal responses by sequencing antibody spectrum from patients with severe COVID-19, and the researchers note that as databases continue to update and improve, it may be possible for future scientists to use antibody sequencing techniques to monitor levels of viral-specific B cells after infection or vaccination. In the
study, researcher Nielsen and colleagues analyzed the antibody spectrum of 13 PCR-diagnosed and admitted COVID-19 patients, an important advantage of which was that their patients were investigated at multiple points in time, and colleagues revealed how these antibody spectrums changed during the early stages of infection in patients; (RBD) special antibodies, while the researchers sequenced and analyzed the levels of their extra-body peritonal blood monocytes using the genomic DNA of the patient's body, thus providing general insights into the cloning map, such as diversity and cloning burst size, and from an RNA perspective, the researchers were able to provide antibody segmentation and high fidelity sequences for high-frequency mutation analysis of soy cells, including a database of more than 1.2 million clones from 38 samples for comparison. The researchers used a control database from 114 healthy adults in a previous study as a control group, and in addition, they performed a single-cell strategy on selected samples and obtained anti-weight and light-chain readings for antibody cloning and specific analysis.
2 Science: Revealing super-powerful synthetic nanoantibodies and new coronavirus mechanisms doi:10.1126/science.abe3255 In a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the University of California, San Francisco, screen yeast surfaces The nanoantibody sequence binding to the S protein extracellulation domain (ectodomain) in the library (containing more than 2×109 synthetic nanoantibodies sequences) is shown, isolating the monodomain antibodies (nanoantibodies) of the median SARS-CoV-2.
the authors used SpikeS2P, a mutant form of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, as an antigen.
SpikeS2P lacks one of the two protein cutting bits between the S1 and S2 domains, and introduces two mutations and a trimerization domain to stabilize the pre-fusion composition of the S protein.
they labeled Spikes2P with biotin or fluorescent dyes, and selected yeasts that show nanosomes through multiple rounds of screening ---in first by bead binding and then by fluorescently active cell sorting---
findings were recently published in the journal Science.
three rounds of screening produced 21 unique nanoantibodies binding to Spices2P, and the aCE2 extracellary domain (ACE2-Fc) of the two-1000s of the djumer structure can reduce this binding.
nanoantibodies are divided into two categories.
class I nanoantibodies bind to RBD and compete directly with ACE2-Fc (Figure 1B).
example of this class is nanoantibody Nb6, which binds to SpickS2P and RBD separately, combining constantSKDs of 210nM and 41nM, respectively.
class II nanoantibodies, using nanoantiant Nb3 as an example, which binds to Spixes2P (KD-61nM), but does not appear to bind separately with RBD.
in the presence of excessive ACE2-Fc, the binding of Nb6 and other Class I nanoantibodies was completely blocked, while the binding of Nb3 and other Class II nanoantibodies decreased moderately.
PNAS interpretation! Can new antibody drugs really help you lose weight effectively? doi:10.1073/pnas.20120731117 Recently, an article published in the international magazine Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences entitled "Antibody-mediated activation of the FGFR1/Klotho" Scientists from Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center and others have found that an experimental antibody drug that targets one of the body's key metabolic regulators may help obese people lose weight in the short term, according to a study by the beta complex corrects metabolic and research.
This is the result of an earlier study in which researchers tested the injectable drug, which simulates the effects of a natural hormone called fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which helps control metabolism, calorie burning and food intake.
The researchers found that a one-injection injection stimulated an improved metabolism in overweight and obese individuals, and that the effect lasted for up to two months; on average, people could start eating fewer calories in a week, while their body's cholesterol-good levels increased, while levels of bad cholesterol, insulin and triglycerides all dropped.
addition, participants' preference for food began to shift away from sweets, and they managed to lose a few pounds, albeit temporarily.
.4 Science: The llama nanoantiant is expected to be a powerful weapon against the new coronavirus doi:10.1126/science.abe4 In a new study, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh in the United States describe a new way to extract small but extremely powerful fragments of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from llamas that can be made into inhalable therapeutic agents with the potential to prevent and treat COVID-19.
study was published in the journal Science.
these special "nanobody" llama antibodies are much smaller than human antibodies and are much more effective at mediating SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
they are also more stable.
is our best inventor, according to researchers.
we have developed technologies to survey and SARS-CoV-2 nanoantibodies on an unprecedented scale, which allows us to quickly discover thousands of nanoantibodies with unparalleled affinity and specificity.
to produce these nanoantibodies, Shi turned to a black llama named Willy --- which is similar to Shi's black Labrador dog and therefore has the same nickname as the latter.
: J Neuroinflammation: Developing the first targeted antibody therapy promising an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01915-0 A recent study published in the international journal Journal of Neuroinflammation Scientists from the University of Kentucky and others are working to develop a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease, using a special antibody to target inflammation or promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease, which has no effective cure but has become a public health threat to the health of people around the world as an ageing population grows.
The current treatment of Alzheimer's disease focuses on the disease's main pathological markers, amyloid plaques and neurogenic fibrous entanglements, which are necessary to diagnose Alzheimer's disease, however, the researchers say a large amount of genetic data suggests that the risk of extrinsic Alzheimer's disease may be driven by a variety of factors, including neuroinstitiveity, membrane flipping and size, and lipid metabolism.
photo source: Nicolas Reyes 6 Science Subp.: Tumor-targeted CD28 dual-specific antibodies enhance the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 immunotherapy doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2325 Several common cancers have a noteworthy history of suppressing immunoassociative blocking therapy.
-checkpoint blocking therapy is a treatment that relies on the power of T-cells to kill tumors.
these research-specific antibodies are designed to help overcome cancer cell resistance.
As part of a larger Regeneron research team, Janelle Waite and Dimitris Skokos are testing whether a class of co-irritating CD28 dual-specific antibodies enhances anti-tumor activity, the findings were recently published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
immune checkpoint blocking therapy itself is an innovative form of cancer treatment that relies on drugs called immunosuper inhibitors.
therapy is designed to treat many forms of cancer by involving the body's immune system---, its T-cells, in identifying and attacking malignant tumor cells.
Keytruda, a drug that helps revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, is an immuno-checkpoint inhibitor.
7 Science: Revealing the therapeutic antibody binding mechanism of human CD20 mechanism doi:10.1126/science.abb8008 Immunotherapy has been the first line of treatment to combat lymphoma since the late 1990s, using synthetic antibodies to prevent the proliferation of cancerous white blood cells.
, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the therapy, which has been in use for more than 20 years.
new study, researchers from France's National Centre for Scientific Research, the Pasteur Institute and the University of Bordeaux observed for the first time the interaction between therapeutic antibodies and their target proteins.
described these molecular mechanisms, opening the way for the development of new treatments, according to the study published in the journal Science.
hodgkin's lymphoma is one of the most common cancers, affecting nearly 1.5 million people worldwide.
cause B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, to proliferate uncontrolled, damaging healthy cells.
the late 1990s, immunotherapy using synthetic antibodies to target a protein called CD20 on the surface of B lymphocytes has been a first-line treatment.
the body's defenses identify the cells that bind to these antibodies as pathogens and destroy them.
: Nature: Revealing that the immune system produces a huge antibody bank to fight the infection mechanism doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2454-y It has long been known that the obtained immune system can genetically recombine to produce a large number of antibodies (immunoglobulin) banks in developing B cells.
, however, it is not understood how these different immune globulin gene fragments can meet each other and recombine in the three-dimensional space of the cell's nuclei of B cells to produce functional antibody genes.
Now, in a new study, researchers from the Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna, Austria, have found that the transcription factor Pax5 plays a crucial role in facilitating the interaction of immunoglobulin gene fragments through loop extrusion mediated by cohesin proteins, the study was published in the journal Nature.
our bodies have several defenses when --- face foreign invaders or viruses, such as the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
first line of defense for the congenital immune system, moving quickly and trying to contain the initial infection.
, the adaptive immune system begins to function, eliminating the pathogen within the next two weeks.
its powerful weapons are highly selective and, in some cases, provide lifelong protection from infectious pathogens.
-9 eLife: Synthetic antibodies based on bacterial "super glue" may be effective against multiple new virus infections doi:10.7554/eLife.52 In a recent study published in the international journal eLife, scientists from the University of Vakhningen in the Netherlands and other institutions found that a special antibody synthesized using bacterial strong glue may be effective in neutralising potentially deadly viruses, and this paper may provide a new way to prevent and treat emerging virus infections and potentially be used for the treatment of other diseases.
Bugna virus, which is mainly carried by insects such as mosquitoes, has devastating effects on animal and human health, and researcher Dr. Paul Wichgers Schreur says antiviral and antibody therapies are considered the most effective tools for fighting life-threatening viral infections called VHHs