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The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies greatly from country to country and region to world, and this difference is often attributed to latitude and its relationship
to vitamin D exposure.
Given that higher latitudes are also associated with higher national wealth, a study published in Neurology today investigated the relationship between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis and other factors driving regional variations, focusing on sociodemographic, health and lifestyle factors
at the national and regional levels.
Methods: Using data from multilateral organizations and scientific literature, an ecological study was conducted to assess the prevalence of age- and sex-adjusted MS versus pre-specified sociodemographic (gross domestic product [GDP] per capita and gross national income per capita [GNI]), health systems (current health expenditure per capita and its percentage of GDP, universal health coverage [UHC] index, number of doctors per capita), specific neurology departments (MRI density, neurologists per capita), and lifestyle (obesity, smoking) The relationship of
factors.
Country, regional, and income stratification data are aggregated and used in relevant univariate and multivariate regression models
.
Stepwise variable selection techniques identify independent predictors of
MS prevalence.
Outcome:
Discussion: The strong correlation between per capita health expenditure and the national prevalence of multiple sclerosis suggests that the theory that differences in multiple sclerosis prevalence are primarily attributable to the latitudinal effect on vitamin D is incomplete
.
Universal access to healthcare has a large impact on global differences in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis, especially since national wealth increases with latitude and can lead to a serious underestimation
of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in countries with lower healthcare expenditures.
Source: Hwang S, Garcia-Dominguez MA, Fitzgerald KC, Saylor DR.
Association of Multiple Sclerosis Prevalence With Sociodemographic, Health Systems, and Lifestyle Factors on a National and Regional Level [published online ahead of print, 2022 Aug 24].
Neurology.
2022; 10.
1212/WNL.
0000000000200962.
doi:10.
1212/WNL.
0000000000200962
