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Locus coeruleus (LC) is a small nucleus located in the pons, which contains the largest number of norepinephrine (NE)-producing neurons in the human brain
.
It has a wide range of projections to the neocortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum and other parts of the brain, so it participates in a number of neurobiological processes, including memory, executive function, arousal and regulation of sleep cycles and heart function
The dysfunction of the LC noradrenergic system may lead to psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD)
.
Consistent with its physiological functions, the degradation of the LC-NE system is related to the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, namely, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, depression, and cognitive decline
Since the neuropathological process of PD spreads from the tail brainstem to the LC and then to the SN, the degeneration of the LC-NE system usually precedes the loss of the substantia nigra (SN) cells, which leads to the appearance of the disease's motor performance
.
In addition, the progression of PD is related to cognitive decline, which is an independent predictor of poor quality of life
Since SN and LC neurons show the highest concentration of neuromelanin (NM) in the brain, neuromelanin weighted imaging (NMI) provides an insight into the pathophysiology of PD
.
In NM, iron can bind at two different positions, resulting in changes in molecular configuration and ion affinity
diagnosis
In this way, Jannik Prasuhn and others of the University of Lübeck in Germany proposed the hypothesis that L motor dysfunction is related to the decrease of SN's NM level, and cognitive decline is related to the decrease of LC's NM level
.
They underwent exercise assessment, neuropsychological testing, and neuromelanin-weighted MRI on 47 PD patients and 53 matched control groups
.
PD patients were included after meeting the "clinically established PD" criteria defined by the Dyskinesia Association's clinical diagnostic criteria
They found that compared with the control group, PD patients had lower SN and LC CNR (p≤.
001)
.
001)
.
Compared with the control group, PD patients have lower SN and LC CNR (p≤.
On the contrary, the neuromelanosis of LC is related to cognitive function in all test areas, but not related to dyskinesia or activities of daily living
.
There was no such association in the control group
Neuromelanosis of LC is related to cognitive function in all test areas, but not related to dyskinesia or activities of daily living
It is found that the neuromelanin imaging of SN and LC is very suitable for mapping the neurodegeneration of PD
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