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A new study by Columbia University researchers in collaboration with scientists from the University of Hong Kong adds more evidence that Omicron can evade the immune protection generated by vaccines and natural infections, and suggests that new vaccines and treatment methods are needed.
The virus will evolve soon
.
Source: Columbia University Irvine Medical Center
The research was led by David Ho, MD, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and Clyde 56 and Helen Wu Professors of Medicine at Columbia University’s Vajlos School of Internal Medicine and Surgeons
.
The results of the study were published in the journal Nature
A notable feature of the omicron variant is the surprising number of changes in the viral spike protein, which may pose a threat to the effectiveness of existing vaccines and therapeutic antibodies
.
The neutralizing effect of vaccine antibodies on Omicron is greatly reduced
This new study tested the ability of the antibodies produced by the vaccine to neutralize omicron mutations in laboratory tests, making the antibodies against live viruses and pseudoviruses that mimic omicron constructed in the laboratory
.
People who use any one of the four most widely used vaccines (moderna, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson) for dual vaccinations, the antibodies against omicron mutant viruses are significantly less effective than their ancestor viruses
.
Antibodies from previously infected individuals are even less likely to neutralize omicron
Individuals who receive booster injections of either of the two mRNA vaccines may be better protected, even though their antibodies show reduced neutralizing activity for ommicron
.
"The new results show that people who have been previously infected and people who have been fully vaccinated are at risk of being infected with the omicron variant," Ho said
.
"Even the third booster injection may not fully protect you from Omicron infection, but of course it is recommended that you have one injection because you can still get some immunity
This result is consistent with other neutralization studies and early epidemiological data from South Africa and the United Kingdom, which showed that the effectiveness of the two doses of vaccine against symptomatic diseases was significantly reduced against the omicron variant
.
Most monoclonal antibodies cannot neutralize Omicron
If monoclonal antibodies are used in the early stages of infection, it can prevent many people from developing severe COVID-19
.
But this new research shows that all the therapies currently in use and most of the therapies under development, even if they are effective against Omega, are far from effective
In the neutralization study of monoclonal antibodies, only one (Brii198 approved in China) maintained significant activity on omicron
.
omicron is completely resistant to all antibodies in clinical use today
In this study, Ho's lab also discovered four new spike mutations in omicron, which help the virus evade antibodies
.
This information should inform researchers who are designing to deal with new variants
Future direction
Ho suggested that scientists need to develop vaccines and treatments that can better predict how the virus will evolve
.
It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 is now only one or two mutations, and it will be completely resistant to current antibodies, whether it is a monoclonal antibody used for treatment, or an antibody produced by a variant before vaccination or infection.
Not too much
.
"
Translator's note: former monoclonal antibody drugs is mentioned by Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and Teng Sheng Bo drug co-developed a new crown drugs BRII-196 and BRII-198 combination therapy, which has been unblinded clinical stage Ⅲ , The treatment group achieved zero deaths after 28 days of treatment, and the control group had 8 deaths .
The detailed results will be announced in the near future
