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Neuromodulation techniques are important tools for understanding brain functions and circuits
.
However, neuromodulation techniques based on traditional electrical or optogenetics often require invasive permanent brain implants that cause brain tissue damage and restrict the free behavior of experimental subjects
.
Although the latest optogenetic approaches have greatly extended traditional neuromodulation tools, no optical neuromodulation technology has yet been able to remove both brain implants and physical restraints
.
On March 21, 2022, the research group of Hong Guosong of Stanford University and the research group of Pu Kanxi of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, jointly published a paper entitled: Tether-free photothermal deep-brain stimulation in freely behaving mice via wide in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering -field illumination in the near-infrared-II window research paper reporting a near-infrared deep-brain neuromodulation technique that can penetrate the intact scalp and skull
.
The research team used the deep penetration depth of near-infrared light in biological tissue to penetrate the brain tissue non-destructively and reach the target brain area
.
At the same time, they also designed nanosensors called MINDS to efficiently convert near-infrared light entering the deep brain into heat
.
The resulting localized thermal effect activates the thermal channel protein TRPV1, which selectively modulates the activity of TRPV1-expressing neurons in the deep brain
.
To verify the feasibility of this technique, the research team selectively expressed TRPV1 in dopamine neurons located in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse midbrain, and tested the effect of neuromodulation using a conditioned place preference experiment in the Y maze
.
The researchers found that after three consecutive days of training with near-infrared light, the experimental group that received both TRPV1 transfection and MINDS injection exhibited a strong preference for the location of near-infrared light-irradiated areas, while those lacking TRPV1 or MINDS showed a strong position preference.
The control group showed no such place preference
.
These experimental phenomena, along with the electrophysiological and tissue sectioning results in the paper, demonstrate that this technique can successfully use near-infrared light to transmit through the intact scalp and skull to excite neurons in the deep brain
.
Figure: (a) Schematic diagram of near-infrared neuromodulation technology
.
(b) Photograph of the conditioned place preference experiment in the Y-maze
.
(c) Place preference distribution of mice under different experimental conditions
.
Compared to existing optical neurostimulation methods, the near-infrared neuromodulation technique reported in this article eliminates invasive brain implants and their associated brain tissue damage and physical restraints, thus providing a new basis for socio-behavioral research.
Experimental neuromodulation offers new possibilities
.
Paper link: https:// Open for reprinting, welcome to forward to Moments and WeChat groups
.
However, neuromodulation techniques based on traditional electrical or optogenetics often require invasive permanent brain implants that cause brain tissue damage and restrict the free behavior of experimental subjects
.
Although the latest optogenetic approaches have greatly extended traditional neuromodulation tools, no optical neuromodulation technology has yet been able to remove both brain implants and physical restraints
.
On March 21, 2022, the research group of Hong Guosong of Stanford University and the research group of Pu Kanxi of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, jointly published a paper entitled: Tether-free photothermal deep-brain stimulation in freely behaving mice via wide in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering -field illumination in the near-infrared-II window research paper reporting a near-infrared deep-brain neuromodulation technique that can penetrate the intact scalp and skull
.
The research team used the deep penetration depth of near-infrared light in biological tissue to penetrate the brain tissue non-destructively and reach the target brain area
.
At the same time, they also designed nanosensors called MINDS to efficiently convert near-infrared light entering the deep brain into heat
.
The resulting localized thermal effect activates the thermal channel protein TRPV1, which selectively modulates the activity of TRPV1-expressing neurons in the deep brain
.
To verify the feasibility of this technique, the research team selectively expressed TRPV1 in dopamine neurons located in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse midbrain, and tested the effect of neuromodulation using a conditioned place preference experiment in the Y maze
.
The researchers found that after three consecutive days of training with near-infrared light, the experimental group that received both TRPV1 transfection and MINDS injection exhibited a strong preference for the location of near-infrared light-irradiated areas, while those lacking TRPV1 or MINDS showed a strong position preference.
The control group showed no such place preference
.
These experimental phenomena, along with the electrophysiological and tissue sectioning results in the paper, demonstrate that this technique can successfully use near-infrared light to transmit through the intact scalp and skull to excite neurons in the deep brain
.
Figure: (a) Schematic diagram of near-infrared neuromodulation technology
.
(b) Photograph of the conditioned place preference experiment in the Y-maze
.
(c) Place preference distribution of mice under different experimental conditions
.
Compared to existing optical neurostimulation methods, the near-infrared neuromodulation technique reported in this article eliminates invasive brain implants and their associated brain tissue damage and physical restraints, thus providing a new basis for socio-behavioral research.
Experimental neuromodulation offers new possibilities
.
Paper link: https:// Open for reprinting, welcome to forward to Moments and WeChat groups
