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This article is original by Translational Medicine.
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Tiffany Guide: There are billions of T cells in our blood.
It is said that 1 teaspoon of blood contains about 5 million T cells, each of which is 10 microns long.
It is 1/10 of the diameter of a human hair
.
T cells have biological functions such as killing target cells (such as cancer cells), assisting or inhibiting the production of antibodies by B cells, responding to specific antigens and mitogens, and producing cytokines.
They are the body's autoimmune gateway to prevent cancer.
"Warriors and heroes" to resist tumor formation
.
Recently, scientists have researched another characteristic of T cells and found that vaccines developed on the basis of T cells have a very good protective effect on humans
.
In understanding how tissue-resident memory T cells (or TRM cells) play a key role in the immune system, the researchers described the behavior of cells in different tissues of the body based on their research for the first time
.
This is unprecedented in the progress of scientists in understanding cells, and it is also an important advancement
.
The use of TRM cells to develop vaccines has great potential in itself and is a very feasible method for developing vaccines.
Moreover, the scientific community’s knowledge of the methods for developing vaccines using TRM cells is constantly growing.
Now this discovery is again It adds a new amount
.
Vaccines developed with TRM cells have many uses, and can also be used as second-generation new coronavirus vaccines that directly target lung tissue
.
TRM cells are a type of immune cells that only exist in tissues, not in the circulatory system or blood
.
Studies have found that TRM cells are essential for immune protection against viral infections and can also inhibit the growth of melanoma in the skin
.
This group of scientists published the results of this research in an article titled "Discrete tissue microenvironments instruct diversity in resident memory T cell function and plasticity" in the journal Nature Immunology: This research was led by Professor Laura Mackay from the University of Melbourne Yes, she is the head of the laboratory at the Doherty Institute and has studied the behavior of TRM cells in many different tissues
.
By comparing the barriers of organs exposed to an environment like the skin with solid organs like the liver, the research team found that the location of TRM greatly affects the way they gain immunity.
They proved that "cells of the same size Not for everyone"
.
Susan Christo, a postdoctoral researcher in Professor Mackay’s laboratory, said: “The discovery of the unique molecular characteristics and behavior of TRM cells in specific tissues will greatly help the development of effective TRM cell vaccines and immunotherapies
.
For example, if you want to treat the new crown or Influenza and other respiratory viruses produce effective TRM cell-mediated immunity, you need to induce TRM cells in the lungs
.
In
this way, the memory of infection will exist in the place where the potential pathogen comes into contact
.
"The scientists found that when TRM cells enter a new tissue At times, they behave like chameleons, because they can quickly adapt to surrounding molecules and proteins, and present new "images" or phenotypes
.
The surrounding tissues also control the behavior of these cells.
TRM cells in the skin are inhibited by a special protein called TGF-b.
This protein acts like a hand brake, preventing these cells from being unnecessarily activated, because if they Being activated, it may cause autoimmunity, such as psoriasis, but still allow them to fight high-risk substances like melanoma
.
"One of the key advantages of TRM cells in the skin is that they can last for a long time and are ready to attack when the body is truly in danger
.
The
research team found that the TRM cells residing in the liver do not have this TGF- b.
Hand brakes have a greater ability to form a cell pool with a larger capacity
.
Dr.
Christo explained: "You can imagine them as a huge army, collectively fighting virus infections
.
However, TRM cells in the liver have a short half-life, so they may fail to fight the virus in time after a relatively long period of time
.
Take malaria as an example.
If you want to target immune cells in the liver, you need to figure out how to make these cells live longer
.
"The same is true for the short-lived TRM cells in the lungs, which have a major impact on the durability of influenza and new crown vaccines
.
Therefore, our research provides the first evidence of what our immune cells need to maintain this.
Distance and long-term protection of us from virus infection
.
"Reference: https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-08-intricacies-tissue-memory-cells-future.
html Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research.
As a reference for the treatment plan
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital
.
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Tiffany Guide: There are billions of T cells in our blood.
It is said that 1 teaspoon of blood contains about 5 million T cells, each of which is 10 microns long.
It is 1/10 of the diameter of a human hair
.
T cells have biological functions such as killing target cells (such as cancer cells), assisting or inhibiting the production of antibodies by B cells, responding to specific antigens and mitogens, and producing cytokines.
They are the body's autoimmune gateway to prevent cancer.
"Warriors and heroes" to resist tumor formation
.
Recently, scientists have researched another characteristic of T cells and found that vaccines developed on the basis of T cells have a very good protective effect on humans
.
In understanding how tissue-resident memory T cells (or TRM cells) play a key role in the immune system, the researchers described the behavior of cells in different tissues of the body based on their research for the first time
.
This is unprecedented in the progress of scientists in understanding cells, and it is also an important advancement
.
The use of TRM cells to develop vaccines has great potential in itself and is a very feasible method for developing vaccines.
Moreover, the scientific community’s knowledge of the methods for developing vaccines using TRM cells is constantly growing.
Now this discovery is again It adds a new amount
.
Vaccines developed with TRM cells have many uses, and can also be used as second-generation new coronavirus vaccines that directly target lung tissue
.
TRM cells are a type of immune cells that only exist in tissues, not in the circulatory system or blood
.
Studies have found that TRM cells are essential for immune protection against viral infections and can also inhibit the growth of melanoma in the skin
.
This group of scientists published the results of this research in an article titled "Discrete tissue microenvironments instruct diversity in resident memory T cell function and plasticity" in the journal Nature Immunology: This research was led by Professor Laura Mackay from the University of Melbourne Yes, she is the head of the laboratory at the Doherty Institute and has studied the behavior of TRM cells in many different tissues
.
By comparing the barriers of organs exposed to an environment like the skin with solid organs like the liver, the research team found that the location of TRM greatly affects the way they gain immunity.
They proved that "cells of the same size Not for everyone"
.
Susan Christo, a postdoctoral researcher in Professor Mackay’s laboratory, said: “The discovery of the unique molecular characteristics and behavior of TRM cells in specific tissues will greatly help the development of effective TRM cell vaccines and immunotherapies
.
For example, if you want to treat the new crown or Influenza and other respiratory viruses produce effective TRM cell-mediated immunity, you need to induce TRM cells in the lungs
.
In
this way, the memory of infection will exist in the place where the potential pathogen comes into contact
.
"The scientists found that when TRM cells enter a new tissue At times, they behave like chameleons, because they can quickly adapt to surrounding molecules and proteins, and present new "images" or phenotypes
.
The surrounding tissues also control the behavior of these cells.
TRM cells in the skin are inhibited by a special protein called TGF-b.
This protein acts like a hand brake, preventing these cells from being unnecessarily activated, because if they Being activated, it may cause autoimmunity, such as psoriasis, but still allow them to fight high-risk substances like melanoma
.
"One of the key advantages of TRM cells in the skin is that they can last for a long time and are ready to attack when the body is truly in danger
.
The
research team found that the TRM cells residing in the liver do not have this TGF- b.
Hand brakes have a greater ability to form a cell pool with a larger capacity
.
Dr.
Christo explained: "You can imagine them as a huge army, collectively fighting virus infections
.
However, TRM cells in the liver have a short half-life, so they may fail to fight the virus in time after a relatively long period of time
.
Take malaria as an example.
If you want to target immune cells in the liver, you need to figure out how to make these cells live longer
.
"The same is true for the short-lived TRM cells in the lungs, which have a major impact on the durability of influenza and new crown vaccines
.
Therefore, our research provides the first evidence of what our immune cells need to maintain this.
Distance and long-term protection of us from virus infection
.
"Reference: https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-08-intricacies-tissue-memory-cells-future.
html Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research.
As a reference for the treatment plan
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital
.
