Nature: Revealing That ILC2 Cells Enhance The Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy

March 30, 2020 /
PRNewswire
BIOON/--- Congenital Lymphocytes (innate lymphoid cell, ILC), also known as inherent immune cells, is a type of lymphocyte subgroup that differs from T-cells and B-cells and is located on the surface of the intestinal mucosa to enhance the immune response, maintain the integrity of the mucousmembrane and promote lymphocyte formation They lack cloned antigen receptors and have not undergone the rearrangement of the Rag gene during differentiation Within hours of infection, ILC can activate to produce protective effects Depending on the cytokine expression spectrum, ILC can be divided into three groups: ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3, where ILC1 is similar to Th1, which mainly expresses IFN-g, which is mainly aimed at intracellular bacterial and parasitic infections; Similar to Th2, cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 are expressed as effective protective measures against parasitic infections and allergic reactions, and ILC3 expresses IL-17A and IL-22, which are involved in the bacterial infection response in the intestines Once exposed to harmful stress, they produce a large number of cytokine effects These ILCs play a vital role in regulating the immune responses of type I, type 2 and type 3 (or Th17 cells), which control the host's protective immune response and intestinal stability ILC2 regulates inflammation and immunity in mammalian tissue Although ILC2 was found in cancers in these tissues, their role in anti-cancer immune responses and immunotherapy is unclear In a new study, researchers from research institutions such as Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in the United States found that ILC2 is immersed in pancreatic catheter adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to activate tissue-specific anti-tumor immune responses Leukin-333 (IL33) activates tumor ILC2 and CD8-T cells in in situ pancreatic tumors in mice, but does not activate tumor ILC2 and CD8-T cells in mouse ectopic skin tumors, thereby inhibiting the growth of pancreatic-specific tumors The findings were recently published in the journal Nature, with the title "ILC2 amplify PD-1 blockade by active tiue-pecific cancer immunity" images from Nature, 2020, doi:10.1038/41586-020-2015-4 Static and activated tumor ILC2 expresses inhibitory checkpoint receptor PD-1 Antibody-mediated PD-1 blocking reduces the inherent PD-1 inhibition of ILC2 cells, thus expanding tumor ILC2, increasing anti-tumor immunity and enhancing tumor control, so this activates tumor ILC2 as the target for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy Finally, both PD-1-plus tumor
ILC2 and PD-1-T cells are present in most people's PDAC These findings identify ILC2 as an anti-cancer immune cell for PDAC immunotherapy More broadly, ILC2 enhances tissue-specific anti-cancer immune responses and enhances the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy Since ILC2 and T-cells coexist in human cancer and have the same stimulation and inhibition pathways, the immunotherapy strategies for commonly targeted anti-cancer ILC2 and T-cells may be of wide spread (Bio Valley Bioon.com) Reference: John Alec Moral et al.
ILC2 amplify PD-1 blockade by hicing tiue-pecific cancer i
Nature, 2020, doi:10.1038/41586-020-2015-4.