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This article is original by Translational Medicine Network.
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Catalina Introduction: Will the bacteria living in our body affect our ability to socialize and make friends? How do microorganisms affect animal behavior? In other words, from gut bacteria to From the brain to behavioral changes, what are the series of events that occur at the molecular and cellular levels? Determining the interaction between gut microbes, neurons, and the health effects of the entire body (such as behavioral changes) may be exploring how in the future An important way to help improve social deficiencies (such as depression and autism)
.
Current treatments for these problems include prescribing medications, such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs
.
Recently, Sarkis Mazmanian, Luis B.
and Nelly Soux professors of microbiology and researcher of the Institute of Traditional Medicine published a paper entitled "Microbiota regulate social behaviour via stress response neurons in the brain" in "Nature"
.
In this study, the researchers identified a specific neuronal circuit that is directly affected by the gut microbiome and is subsequently responsible for the antisocial behavior of mice lacking the gut microbiome
.
Transplanting the feces of healthy gut microbiome mice into these sterile mice is enough to change the activity of these neurons, thereby improving their social behavior
.
In addition, the researchers also discovered a special bacteria that can increase social skills
.
They found that the bacterial communities living in the intestines of mice are essential for animals and other mice to show normal social behavior
.
Mice that are bred to be sterile and have no gut microbiota will exhibit obvious anti-social behaviors, such as avoiding strangers rather than interacting with them
.
How do microorganisms affect animal behavior? In other words, from gut bacteria to the brain to behavioral changes, what are the series of events that occur at the molecular and cellular levels? Studies have shown that at the chemical level, the level of the hormone corticosterone (similar to the so-called stress hormone cortisol in humans) of sterile mice is significantly higher than that of mice with a healthy microbiome
.
The research team led by Wu Wei-Li, a postdoctoral fellow in the former Mazmanian laboratory, aims to identify neurons that are affected by corticosterone and play a role in social behavior
.
"By changing the microbiome of mice, we were able to change the level of corticosterone: less microbiome means more stress hormones," Mazmanian said
.
"There are many neurons in the body that respond to corticosterone-called glucocorticoid receptor positive neurons-we want to know which cell populations and brain regions are responsible for the changes in social behavior in sterile mice?" After several neuronal subgroups involved in stress control in the brain, the research team used chemical and genetic tools to artificially prevent corticosterone from activating these neurons in mice without a microbiome
.
Although these mice lacked the gut microbiota, they were able to show more normal social behaviors because their neurons did not respond to stress hormones
.
So, is it the intestinal bacteria (or lack of intestinal bacteria) that caused the increase in corticosterone levels in the first place? In order to solve this problem, the research team transplanted the feces of wild-type mice with normal intestinal flora into a sterile small Rat body
.
These mice subsequently showed decreased corticosterone levels and more normal social behaviors
.
The research team then systematically identified a bacterium that mediates this improvement, namely Enterococcus faecalis
.
Sterile mice colonized with Enterobacter faecalis showed improved social behavior and decreased corticosterone levels
.
The mechanism by which Enterobacter faecalis mediates this improvement will be the subject of future research
.
"Many studies have shown that the gut microbiome affects complex behaviors in mice, such as social skills
.
The underlying neural circuits that mediate the influence of the microbiome on behavior have not been discovered before
.
This work strengthens the profound influence on the connection between the gut and the brain.
Recognition
.
" Mazmanian said
.
"Conceptually, these findings laid the foundation for exploring similar effects in humans
.
" Mr.
Wu is now a faculty member at National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan
.
Future research directions include further studying the relationship between the host and bacteria, identifying the molecular signals produced by gut microbes, and how these signals affect the host
.
Mazmanian and Wu plan to continue their cooperation
.
Mazmanian said: "Our research has greatly benefited from many collaborations, including important contributions from the California Institute of Technology Viviana Gradinaru and Rustem Ismagilov laboratories
.
"Reference: https:// 03669-y Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment options
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital for treatment
.
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Catalina Introduction: Will the bacteria living in our body affect our ability to socialize and make friends? How do microorganisms affect animal behavior? In other words, from gut bacteria to From the brain to behavioral changes, what are the series of events that occur at the molecular and cellular levels? Determining the interaction between gut microbes, neurons, and the health effects of the entire body (such as behavioral changes) may be exploring how in the future An important way to help improve social deficiencies (such as depression and autism)
.
Current treatments for these problems include prescribing medications, such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs
.
Recently, Sarkis Mazmanian, Luis B.
and Nelly Soux professors of microbiology and researcher of the Institute of Traditional Medicine published a paper entitled "Microbiota regulate social behaviour via stress response neurons in the brain" in "Nature"
.
In this study, the researchers identified a specific neuronal circuit that is directly affected by the gut microbiome and is subsequently responsible for the antisocial behavior of mice lacking the gut microbiome
.
Transplanting the feces of healthy gut microbiome mice into these sterile mice is enough to change the activity of these neurons, thereby improving their social behavior
.
In addition, the researchers also discovered a special bacteria that can increase social skills
.
They found that the bacterial communities living in the intestines of mice are essential for animals and other mice to show normal social behavior
.
Mice that are bred to be sterile and have no gut microbiota will exhibit obvious anti-social behaviors, such as avoiding strangers rather than interacting with them
.
How do microorganisms affect animal behavior? In other words, from gut bacteria to the brain to behavioral changes, what are the series of events that occur at the molecular and cellular levels? Studies have shown that at the chemical level, the level of the hormone corticosterone (similar to the so-called stress hormone cortisol in humans) of sterile mice is significantly higher than that of mice with a healthy microbiome
.
The research team led by Wu Wei-Li, a postdoctoral fellow in the former Mazmanian laboratory, aims to identify neurons that are affected by corticosterone and play a role in social behavior
.
"By changing the microbiome of mice, we were able to change the level of corticosterone: less microbiome means more stress hormones," Mazmanian said
.
"There are many neurons in the body that respond to corticosterone-called glucocorticoid receptor positive neurons-we want to know which cell populations and brain regions are responsible for the changes in social behavior in sterile mice?" After several neuronal subgroups involved in stress control in the brain, the research team used chemical and genetic tools to artificially prevent corticosterone from activating these neurons in mice without a microbiome
.
Although these mice lacked the gut microbiota, they were able to show more normal social behaviors because their neurons did not respond to stress hormones
.
So, is it the intestinal bacteria (or lack of intestinal bacteria) that caused the increase in corticosterone levels in the first place? In order to solve this problem, the research team transplanted the feces of wild-type mice with normal intestinal flora into a sterile small Rat body
.
These mice subsequently showed decreased corticosterone levels and more normal social behaviors
.
The research team then systematically identified a bacterium that mediates this improvement, namely Enterococcus faecalis
.
Sterile mice colonized with Enterobacter faecalis showed improved social behavior and decreased corticosterone levels
.
The mechanism by which Enterobacter faecalis mediates this improvement will be the subject of future research
.
"Many studies have shown that the gut microbiome affects complex behaviors in mice, such as social skills
.
The underlying neural circuits that mediate the influence of the microbiome on behavior have not been discovered before
.
This work strengthens the profound influence on the connection between the gut and the brain.
Recognition
.
" Mazmanian said
.
"Conceptually, these findings laid the foundation for exploring similar effects in humans
.
" Mr.
Wu is now a faculty member at National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan
.
Future research directions include further studying the relationship between the host and bacteria, identifying the molecular signals produced by gut microbes, and how these signals affect the host
.
Mazmanian and Wu plan to continue their cooperation
.
Mazmanian said: "Our research has greatly benefited from many collaborations, including important contributions from the California Institute of Technology Viviana Gradinaru and Rustem Ismagilov laboratories
.
"Reference: https:// 03669-y Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment options
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital for treatment
.
