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The smallest fish in the world, Paedocypris, is only 7 mm long
.
This is nothing compared to the 9-meter-long whale shark
Cells in developing tissues proliferate and organize under the action of signal molecules, namely morphogens
.
But how do they know that the size of the organism to which they belong is appropriate? The research team of Frank Jülicher, a professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University’s Faculty of Science and director of MPIPKS in Dresden, solved the mystery by tracking a specific morphogen in tissue cells of different sizes in fruit flies
In Drosophila, the morphogen pentapeptide (DPP) molecule required to form fifteen appendages (wings, antennae, jaw.
.
Multidisciplinary approach to solving biological problems
"My team consists of biologists, biochemists, mathematicians, and physicists.
The original method was to analyze what happened at the level of each cell, rather than placing our observations on the scale of tissues," Marcos Gonzalez Gaitan commented
Explain the scaling mechanism with mathematical equations
The scientists collected all these data on DPP, which came from cells belonging to different sizes of tissues in normal fruit flies and non-expandable mutants
.
They found that it is these different transportation steps that determine the extent of the gradient
The combination of theoretical physics and experimental methods established through the study of DPP molecules in Drosophila can be extended to other molecules involved in the formation of various developmental tissues
.
"Our single and multidisciplinary approach allows us to provide a universal answer to a basic biological question that Aristotle had asked himself nearly 2500 years ago: how does an egg know when to stop growing to become a chicken? ?" Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan concluded
Magazine
Nature
DOI
10.
1038/s41586-021-04346-w
