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Written byWang Cong
EditorWang Duoyu
TypesettingWater writing
.
In a sense, "man" is a multi-complex complex of human body and symbiotic flora
.
There are a large number of microorganisms parasitized in the human intestine, and these gut microbiota affect human obesity, enteritis, autoimmune diseases, response to cancer treatment drugs, and even affect human lifespan
.
A growing body of evidence sheds light on the extent to which humans are interdependent with these gut microbiota, and also highlights the importance of the
brain-gut axis.
On December 14, 2022, researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania published a title in Nature, a microbiome-gut–brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise Research papers
.
In laboratory mice, the research team found that mice that performed well in running were largely due to two bacteria in their guts, and the study further revealed that these bacteria activated intestinal nerves by producing small metabolites, fatty acid amides (FAA).
This in turn increases dopamine levels in the ventral striatum of the brain, thereby promoting the desire
to exercise.
The discovery sheds light on the gut-to-brain pathway and explains why some bacteria improve athletic performance
.
Dr.
Christoph Thaiss, corresponding author of the paper and assistant professor at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, said that if further research confirms that similar pathways exist in humans, it could provide an effective way to improve people's exercise levels and thus improve public health
in general.
The research team conducted the study to look for factors
that determine athletic performance.
They recorded genome sequences, gut bacterial species, blood metabolites, and other data
from multiple different mouse models.
They then measured the amount of exercise these mice made each day to run the wheel autonomously, as well as their endurance
.
The team then used machine learning to analyze the experimental data to look for mouse attributes to best explain their large individual differences in running performance
.
The team was surprised to find that genes accounted for only a small fraction of these differences in athletic performance, while differences in gut microbiota seemed to be more important
.
Giving mice broad-spectrum antibiotics to clear gut bacteria reduced their running performance by about
half.
Finally, after years of research, the team and multiple other independent labs found that two gut bacteria were strongly associated with better exercise capacity — Eubacterium rectale and Pseudobacterium regularis (Coprococcus eutactus), which metabolize to produce fatty acid amides (FAA).
FAA is able to bind to the endogenous cannabis receptor CB1 and stimulate the intestinal sensory nerves, which connect to the brain through the spine.
During exercise, these CB1 receptor-filled sensory nerves in the intestine are stimulated, leading to increased
levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the ventral striatum region of the brain.
The striatum is a key node in the brain's reward and motivation network, so extra dopamine levels in this area during exercise can improve athletic performance
by reinforcing the desire to exercise.
The research team says this goes from the gut to the brain The pathway may have evolved to link nutrient availability and gut bacterial population status to readiness for prolonged exercise, a direction that could evolve into an entirely new branch
of exercise physiology.
This research has opened up many new directions
for scientific research.
For example, evidence from experiments suggests that mice that exercise perform better experience a more intense "runner's high" — in this case reduced pain sensitivity — suggesting that this well-known phenomenon is at least partly controlled
by gut bacteria.
The research team is planning further studies to confirm the existence of this pathway
that promotes motor desire from the gut to the brain in humans 。 The study promises to provide an inexpensive, safe, diet-based way to improve athletic performance in both average and elite athletes, and exploring this pathway may also lead to a simpler way to alter motivation and mood
in situations such as addiction and depression.
Link to paper:
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