Nat Med: Heavyweight! New HIV vaccine strategy may enhance and extend the immunity of primate savey organisms!

2020 May 17 News /BioValleyBIOON / - Recently, research onNatureMedicinean international journal published report, scientists from several institutions such as Stanford University School of Medicine, the study reveals a novel vaccine strategy can significantly enhance and maintain or monkeys against HIV protection force, in addition, results of this study forimmunity Looking to learnhome also has broad implications for vaccine strategy to other diseases such as coronary virusSource:NIAIDwith virtually all current vaccine differs from that used at this new vaccine can significantly improve the body's protective power against viral infections which can wake up the body part of the immune system play a role in the current vaccines are most dormant in the immune system of the stateThe researchers Pulendran said most tender vaccines to stimulate the immune serum antibody levels against pathogens by increasing the body (refers to the blood circulating antibody levels) is generated, while the new vaccine strategies can enhance the body's immune cells, it can promote a large number of immune cells come together to destroy cells infected by a pathogen, so investigators will be able to create a synergy between the two immunization activitiesToday there are 38 million AIDS patients, although HIV antiviral agents can be more effectively suppressed, but it will still be 170 million people infected annually, and about 77 million people died of HIV infectionAlthough scientists after 30 years of in-depth study, but still did not develop an effective preventive vaccine; HIV vaccine trials initially hoped conducted in Thailand based on the test results were announced in 2012, but just a few months ago, a more large-scale trials of the vaccine in South Africa was halted, because it is the preliminary assessment found that the vaccine researchers have little effectvaccine design object is to activate the adaptive immune system of the host organism, which is generated by targeting specific cellular and molecular pathogens arms come into play, and the adaptive immune system and immune serum by composition cellular immunity, immunization in serum, B-cells secrete antibodies to neutralize pathogens in the immune cells, killer T cells present signs of the virus in vivo to check whether the patrol the body, when finding destroy virus-infected cellHowever, most vaccines are an adaptive mechanism of the immune system of the body to resist infection by themPulendran researchers said, so far, all vaccines are approved and viruses, but the induction and maintenance of high levels by inducing antibodies neutralizing antibodies appear to be a very difficult mission; we have proven that you can get a strong protective force against HIV by stimulating the cellular arm of the immune system, even with lower levels of neutralizing antibodies as well For the new study, the researchers used a dual approach aimed at stimulating serum and cellular immunity, they gave three groups of 15 rhesus monkeys were vaccinated at 40 weeks, the first group received a number of continuous inoculation of Env, Env virus outer membrane proteins, which can stimulate antibody production, when the chemical mixture with the adjuvant is formed can be used to develop a vaccine to enhance the body's whole immune system; the second group of monkeys vaccinated with the first embodiment a group of similar, but the researchers injected additional to its three different viruses, each of which went through a transformation contagious but not dangerous, each of the modified virus contains a gene encoding the viral Gag protein, which proteins can stimulate the cellular immune; a third group as a control group, researchers injected given only adjuvant After When the 40-week course of treatment, all animals are allowed to rest an additional 40 weeks, and then only the group of animals inoculated with the vaccine booster injections Env, were additional four weeks of rest, the animals received 10 times SHIV (HIV ape version) exposure, the researchers found that the monkeys in the control group received only the adjuvant treatment of infection with HIV, while in Env + Gag and Env group, the animals are gone against viral infection a significant protective effect; Zhidezhuyi that, even if the body lacks high levels of neutralizing antibodies, some of Env + Gag animals (but not animals Env) still is not infected, researchers believe that neutralizing antibodies increased serum immune response may be the source of the effectiveness of the vaccine decision Furthermore, Env + Gag time animal protection group obtained significantly increased, after 20 weeks of rest, six groups of monkeys and Env Env + Gag six monkeys received additional group SHIV exposure, this time, there are four groups of monkeys Env + Gag (Env only one group of monkeys) were not infected The researchers speculate that this improvement is due to the vaccine stimulated immune cells called tissue-resident memory T cells, these cells migrate to the site of viral entry into the body and stay there for some time act as sentinels, if it finds a virus, then again, these cells will be activated, promote secretion signal other immune cells to destroy the vicinity of common HIV Finally, researchers say results of this study show that the future vaccination efforts carried out by researchers should focus on strategy while causing cell and neutralizing antibody response, which may not only effective for the treatment of HIV infection , but is also against such as tuberculosis, hepatitis C virus, influenza and other infections have important clinical significance and value (Biovalley Bioon.com) Original source: Arunachalam, PS, Charles, TP, Joag, V.etal Tcell-inducingvaccinedurablypreventsmucosalSHIVinfectionevenwithlowerneutralizingantibodytiters


NatMed (2020) .doi: 10.1038 / s41591-020-0858-8