Nat Immunol: Breakthrough! Uncover the reasons for the failure of CAR-T cell therapy! Because it can not destroy the expression of a small number of tumor antigen cancer cells!

11, 2020 // CAR-T Cell Therapy is a revolutionary new cancer-fighting weapon that is genetically modified to be inherited from T-cells isolated from the blood of the patient's body and then infusions into the patient's body to help attack cancer cells; In the study, scientists from the University of Vienna Medical University and others revealed why CAR-T cells cannot destroy cancer cells that express small amounts of tumor antigens, and that even if CAR-T cells can bind antigens in an efficient way, they cannot initiate enough intracellular signaling patterns when faced with lower density antigensPhoto Source: CC0 Public DomainCAR-T Cells are a genetically modified T-cell extracted from cancer patients to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR, CAR, A class of cells from Chimeric Antigen Receptor, which binds to antigens on the surface of tumor cells and converts modified T-cells into tumor "killers", CAR-T cell therapy is by far a powerful treatment available to about one-fifth of patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Austria, and CAR-T cell therapy is expected to become a more common tool against cancercar-T cell therapy is currently approved for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma, in which a special protein on the surface of tumor cells called CD19 can be identified by "armed" good CAR-T cells, and if CARs come into contact with a large number of CD19 molecules, it can quickly trigger the destruction of tumor cells, which identify tumors It is the basis of CAR-T cell therapy, but it also provides a new treatment option for patients, especially when used in conjunction with current standard therapies (e.gimmunotherapy, etc.), which is very effective at treating lymphoma, which is highly resistant to standard therapy, extends the patient's survival and allows the patient to achieve a complete cure, the researchers used ultra-sensitive single-molecule microscopy techniques to analyze each but one molecule in detail, and found that this pattern of recognition may no longer be effective for cancer cells with reduced antigen density, meaning that in nearly 50 percent of cancer patients treated, their body tumors recur, and the researchers believe that CAR-T cells need at least 1,000 antigens to be sufficiently stimulated to produce a reaction to kill tumor cellsnaturally occurring T cells can detect and resist infected cells with the help of T-cell antigen receptors, which require only 1-5 viral antigens to achieve this goal; 'If successful, we hope to be able to obtain highly sensitive and efficient CARs cells, and in fact another expected outcome may be that in the future CAR-T cells may be used to treat other types of cancers that are lower-level or heterogeneous tumor antigen expression, and car-T cells may not be effective in treating malignant tumors at present,' said researcher HuppaOriginal origins from( : Gudipati, V., Rydzek, J., Doel-Perez, Iet alIntryefficient-proximal signaling blunts antigen activistyNat Immunol (2020)doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0719-0.