Nat Immuno Revl: In-depth analysis of immune mechanisms, inflammatory mechanisms and intervention strategies that occur in COVID-19

May 27, 2020 /
BiovalleyBIOON/ -- In a recent review entitled "The trinity of COVID-19, Phi and intervention" published in the International Journal ofNature Reviews Immunology
, scientists from institutions such as the Singapore Institute of A-STAR outlined the immunization, inflammation and intervention mechanisms that occur in COVID-19Picture: Tay, M.Zet alNat Immuno Revl, doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8
SARS-CoV-2 is a pathogen that induces the spread of COVID-19, and researchers have been analyzing the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in the hope of understanding the pathogenic mechanisms behind it, thus providing a research basis for the development of effective therapies; In the review, the researchers outline the pathophysiological processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the immune system and the key role that the host body's immune response abnormalities play in the progression of the disease
For example, SARS-CoV and MERS, the researchers finally emphasized the application of relevant potential therapeutic intervention strategies in targeted viral infections and immunomodulationin this review,researchers discussed the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the infection of host cells and their prevention, the pathogenesis of inflammatory immune, T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity, and reviewed the pathophysiological properties of SARS-CoV-2, interaction with target cells, and the body's response to viruses ( Related studies, including the contribution of immune response abnormalities in the progression of the disease, highlighted the impact of specific characteristics of infection on potential therapeutic interventions for targeted-acting viruses or abnormal immune responses, and discussed how multiple studies focusing on adaptive immune responses could provide important information and clues for late-stage scientists to develop vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodiesSARS-CoV-2 infection and damage to lung cells can trigger a series of local immune responses, and then macrophages and monocytes are recruited to react to infection, release cytokines and produce major adaptive T-cell and B-cell immune responses, a process that in most cases solves the infection problem, but in some cases dysfunctional immune responses can occur, which may lead to severe lung damage and even systemic pathological responsesWhen COVID-19 symptoms occur about a week ago, researchers can detect from the patient's blood the immune response of T-cells and B cells that resist SARS-CoV-2 infection, CD8-T cells can directly attack and kill infected cells, while CD4-T cells are essential to turn on the function of CD8-T cells and B cells, and CD4-T cells are responsible for producing cytokines to drive immune cell recruitmentAn autopsy report in the first COVID-19 patient showed that the lungs had accumulated mononucleosis (possibly mononucleosis and T-cells), while the level slotted in the deceased's peripheral blood was low, and the researchers also reported a decrease in the level of lymphocytes and peripheral T-cells in the patient's bodyAttracting people to leave the blood into the infected area to control the infection, and in PATIENTs with COVID-19, increased depletion of T cells and decreased functional diversity indicates the severity of the disease, and although the patient's response is impaired, patients recovering from COVID-19 infection will have coronavirus-specific memory T-cellsPhoto Source: Tay, M.Z et al Nat Immuno Revl, doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8
COVID-19 patients' B-cell reactions often occur simultaneously with T-follicles-assisted cell reactions, i.e., from about one week after the onset of symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV infection, B-cell reactions usually occur first in patients with nucleoid protein (N) Antibody reactions to S proteins occur within 4-8 days of appearance; neutralizing antibody reactions (possibly antibody reactions against S-proteins) begins in week 2, and most patients appear to have neutralizing antibodies in week 3; and since SARS-CoV-2 virus titages peak earlier than SARS-CoV, the antibody response may occur earlier, so it seems that some patients do not produce persistent antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Researchers do not know whether these patients will be susceptible to infection again, antibodies are likely to be effective against SARS-CoV-2, the current recovery serum samples have been in the clinical application of COVID-19 has achieved significant good results, previously successfully used in SARS treatment finally the researchers said that in this review, we revealed a variety of mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immune pathology mechanism of COVID-19, controlling the inflammatory response of the host body may be critical for targeted viral infection, and strategies to suppress viral infection and regulate functional abnormal immune response may be able to act together to block the pathological progression of multiple processes; Later researchers in-depth study of the host body's response to SARS-CoV-2 immune response is necessary, including a detailed investigation of the determinants of health and dysfunction prognosis, the relevant research can also help researchers identify specific biomarker , so as to better define immune-related protection strategies and patient disease severity, so as to effectively classify patients (Bio ValleyBioon.com) References: Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., R?nia, L et al.
The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, and .
Nat Immuno Revl
(2020),doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8