Nat Commun: Essential omega-3 fatty acids regulate the developing brain

Lipids are one of the main components of the central nervous system (CNS).
, peanut tyrenic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) and 22 carbon hexaeneic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are the main forms of gray long chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-6 and omega-3 (called n-6 or n-3 PUFAs).
two LC PUFAs were found to exist mainly in the form of phospholipids and to form components of the meningococellular membrane.
AA and DHA are biosynthetics from their respective dietary premeditates, including flaxic acid (LA, 18:2n-6), and α-flaxic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), or obtained directly from the diet (mainly AA for meat and dairy products, DHA for fat fish).
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are essential for the brain to function well.
westernization of dietary habits in both developed and developing countries, accompanied by a gradual decrease in intake of n-3 PUFAs in the diet.
low intake of n-3 PUFAs in the mother is associated with neurodevelopmental diseases in humans.
, however, it is not clear how the n-3 PUFAs lack mechanisms that affect the development of the central nervous system.
the active swallowing of synapses by small glials regulates brain development.
synapse trimming is associated with some neurodevelopmental disorders.
recently, researchers published a paper in the journal Nature Communications that identified molecular mechanisms that adversely affect the development of the hypoma in mice with low maternal n-3 PUFA intake.
The results showed that the lack of n-3 PUFA in the maternal diet increased the phagocytosis of small glial cells of the developing hema synapses of rodents, in part by activating the 12/15-liposome (LOX)/12-HETE signal, altering neuron morphology and affecting the cognitive abilities of future generations.
findings provide a mechanism for neurodevelopmental defects caused by deficiency in the maternal n-3 PUFAs diet.
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