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Scientists hope that the tiny sacs of material expelled by cells-so-called extracellular vesicles-can be used to deliver drugs in the body
.
Researchers at Karolinska Institute now show that these nanobubbles can transport protein drugs and reduce inflammation caused by different diseases
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as carriers of biological signals, play an important role in cell-to-cell communication
.
They are nano-sized membrane wraps excreted by cells that can transport fatty acids, proteins, and genetic material to different tissues
These tiny bubbles naturally exist in body fluids, can pass through biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, and can be used as natural carriers for therapeutic substances
.
Therefore, electric vehicles have attracted more and more interest as potential drugs
Researchers at the Karolinska Institute used biomolecular technology to coat the outer membrane of EVs with therapeutic proteins, more precisely, receptors that bind to inflammatory substances TNF-α and interleukin 6 (IL 6)
.
Under inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), TNF-α and IL 6 are formed in the body and play a key role in inflammation and subsequent tissue damage
.
This recognition has led to the development of biopharmaceuticals, which inhibit inflammation by inhibiting TNF-α and IL 6
In the current study, researchers are trying to use therapeutic EVs to suppress inflammatory substances.
These EVs express receptors that bind to IL 6 and TNF-α on the cell membrane
.
"We used different methods to optimize the expression of receptors, and tested different variants of EVs in inflammatory cell models to determine which strategy can produce the greatest anti-inflammatory effect
.
" Karolinska Institute of Medicine Experiments Dhanu Gupta, a doctoral student in the Department of Medicine, said that he and his colleague Oscar Wiklander were the first authors of the study
The researchers then tested the role of therapeutic EVs in three related inflammation animal models of sepsis (blood poisoning), multiple sclerosis and IBD
.
In animal models of sepsis, treatment significantly improved survival rates, indicating that the inflammatory response was successfully suppressed
.
In the multiple sclerosis model, the researchers also found that the neurological symptoms that occurred during the onset of multiple sclerosis were significantly reduced
.
In IBD mouse models, treatment with EVs expressing these two receptors also showed a significant increase in survival
"Our discovery is an important step in the right direction, proving that EVs can be a promising treatment for inflammation, but this technology also has great potential for many other diseases," the corresponding author of the study Samir EL Andaloussi said
Nature Biomedical Engineering
DOI
10.
