May 15, 2020 Science Journal Essence

May 23, 2020 /
PRNewswire
BIOON/--- this week, a new issue of the Journal of Science (May 15, 2020) is there any thing that's fascinating about it? Let the little make-up come togetherimages from the Journal of Science1.
Science: Developing a vaccine strategy using artificial proteins
doi:10.1126/science.aay5051
In a new study, Professor Bruno Correia of the Institute of Protein Design and Immune Engineering at the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, and his team have now developed a strategy for designing artificial proteins that can be designed to very precisely guide the immune system's immune system to produce antibodiesThe findings, published in the Journal of Science on May 15, 2020, are titled "De novo protein design ss the precise induction of RSV-neutraling antibodies"Correia team built artificial proteins using computational methods"They don't exist in nature," said Che Yang, co-author of the paper"We developed a protein design algorithm called TopoBuilder," said Co-author Fabian SesterhenIt lets you build proteins almost like splicing Lego bricks togetherAssembling artificial proteins with new features is absolutely fascinating"
Correia team focused on designing proteins from scratch that can produce respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccinesRSV causes severe lung infections and is one of the leading causes of hospitalization for infants and the elderly "Despite decades of research, there is no vaccine or cure for respiratory syncytial virus to this day," Correia said "
these artificial proteins are built in the lab and then tested in animal models, triggering the immune system to produce specific antibodies against RSV weaknesses "Our findings are encouraging because they show that one day we will be able to induce the immune system to produce these specific antibodies to more effectively design vaccines for specific viruses," Correia said We still have a lot of research to do to make the vaccine we develop more effective---'s first step in that direction "
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Two Science papers reveal that the malaria parasitealso also has its own internal clock to coordinate the destruction of host cells
doi: 10.1126/science.aba2658; doi:10.1126/science.aba4357 during malaria infection, and numerous malaria parasites destroy the red blood cells in habitofing them This destruction can cause a wave of fever and chills every 24, 48 or 72 hours in the infected person's body, depending on which strain of malaria parasite causes the infection For years, scientists have assumed that the host's biological rhythms are responsible for coordinating and timing malaria parasite activity In two new studies, however, researchers have found that the plasmids have their own internal clocks, or inherent clocks, that can react to the host and oscillate on their own in the first study, Rijo-Ferreira and his colleagues infected mice with Plasmodium chabaudi, in which the shaymalaria parasite infection caused malaria in mice They found that neither keeping mice in the dark for a long time or changing their eating rhythms did not disrupt the powerful cell cycle and gene expression rhythms of the shady malaria parasite When the Rijo-Ferreira team infected mice genetically modified to have a 26-hour, rather than 24-hour circadian rhythm, the parasiteextended their non-life cycle to 26 hours instead of the typical 24 hours, suggesting that they were flexible and reacted to the host's oscillations at this point, the Rijo-Ferreira team predicted that if the parasites did not have an intrinsic clock, they would quickly become out of sync in a host without a clear rhythm But when they infected mice genetically modified with the disease, the plasmids maintained a 24-hour cell cycle and gene expression rhythm over a period of five to seven days, suggesting that they did have an internal clock Given that the malaria parasite's internal clock eventually lost its synchronization, they concluded that its internal clock rhythm depended on the host's coordination In a second study, a team led by Duke University biologist Steven Haase found that when cultured in human blood, four malaria parasite strains that cause malaria in humans also exhibit edtheys in gene expression and cell cycle activity Although in vitro cultured malaria parasites lose synchronization more quickly than those found in mice, they can maintain their rhythms over a two-day window, similar to other culture systems that have been shown to have circadian rhythms 3.
Full text compilation! Chinese scientists have published a Science paper revealing the three-dimensional structure of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, helping to develop new vaccines and drugs
doi: 10.1126/science.abb7498
the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) became a global epidemic in February 2019 SARS-CoV-2 is reported to be a new member of the beta coronavirus (betacoronavirus) and is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and several bat coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 exhibits faster human-to-human transmission than SARS-CoV and MerS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), leading to the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring it a worldwide public health emergency coronavirus uses a multi-base replication/transcription complex A group of non-structural proteins (nsp) produced as a lysis product of viral polyprotein (polyprotein) ORF1a and ORF1ab are assembled to facilitate virus replication and transcription One of the key components --- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, also known as nsp12) --- catalytic viral RNA synthesis and thus plays a critical role in the replication and transcription cycles of SARS-CoV-2, which may require assistance as a cofactor in nsp7 and nsp8 Therefore, nsp12 is considered to be the main target of nucleotide analogue antiviral inhibitors such as remdesivir (also known as GS-5734), where Redsiewe has shown potential to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections In a new study to guide drug design, researchers from Tsinghua University, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin University and the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used two different scenarios: one without DTT (data set 1), the other with DTT (data set 2), and the use of cryo-EM technology to parse the three-dimensional structure of nsp12 and its cofactors nspp7 and nsp8 The findings were published online April 10, 2020 in the journal Science under the title "Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus" bacteria expressed full-length SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 (residual base S1-Q932) are incubated with nsp7 (residual s1-Q83) and nsp8 (residual base A1-Q198) and then purified the resulting compound In the presence of this compound, a low-temperature electron mirror mesh is prepared, and a preliminary screening found that the mesh has good dispersion and excellent particle density After collecting and processing 7994 microscopic films, the researchers achieved three-dimensional reconstruction of the nsp12 monomer at a resolution of 2.9 E, respectively, with the nsp12-nsp8 dipolymer and nsp8 monomer composition, as previously observed in SARS-CoV In addition to the nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 complex, they also observed single particle types corresponding to nsp12-nsp8 dipolymers and individual nsp12 monomers, but none of this gave a three-dimensional reconstruction at atomic resolution However, the three-dimensional reconstruction of nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 complexes provides complete structural analysis information 4.
Science: The new study explains that social isolation and other measures taken in China have led to a rapid decline in the number of COVID-19 cases after exponential growth
doi: 10.1126/science.abb4557 in China, the number of cases tested positive for COVID-19 initially increased exponentially, but then declined In a new study, Dr Dirk Brockmann, a project team leader at the Robert Koch Institute in Germany and a professor at Humboldt University in Berlin, germany, and Benjamin F Maier, a postdoctoral researcher, developed a diffusion model that takes into account the effects of social isolation and other measures, and uses it to explain the effects The findings were published online April 8, 2020 in the journal Science under the title "Effective instagram simers in confirmed COVID-19 cases in China" Brockmann explains, "When infectious diseases spread unhindered, the number of cases increases exponentially." For example, an infected person infects three people, each of whom then infects three people, so that in a very short period of time, many people will get sick "But, according to Brockmann, this growth was not visible in China "Since the end of January this year, the number of cases has increased steadily and steadily, " he said "
the two researchers believe that this phenomenon is due to social segregation or government contact tracing and curfews and other measures leading to changes in individual behavior Over time, these measures lead to fewer and fewer contacts between infected and non-infected people, which leads to a decline in the so-called number of regenerations over time "If a person infects an average of more than three people, but then each infects only two people, and then each person infects only one person, then the outbreak will grow much more slowly than the index, which we call sub-index growth," Maier explains "
5.Science: Revealing that alleles that lead to hybrid affinity cause natural hybrids to develop melanoma
doi: 10.1126/science.aba5216; doi:10.1126/science.abb8066
harmful genetic interactions may be the basis for observed hybrid affinity However, a small number of hybrid non-affinity genes have been identified, most of which involve species that do not interbreed under natural conditions Powell et al used genome sequencing in swordtail fish hybridized under natural conditions to map genes that could lead to hybridaffinity, which reduces their suitability The combination of genes in hybrid swordtailfish caused malignant melanoma in natural hybrid populations, but this was not observed in the parent population Using genome and population resequencing, the authors conducted genome-wide association studies to identify potential pathogenic mutations Using a hybrid mapping method that assessed gene infiltration among multiple swordtail species, the authors argue that different swordtail species carry different genes that interact with the same candidate genes, leading to observed of melanoma, which provides new insights into endogenous hybridization and affinity between different species 6 Science: Forest microclimates dynamically drive the response of plants to climate change
doi: 10.1126/science.aba6880; doi: 10.1126/science.abc1245
microclimate is key to understanding how organisms and ecosystems respond to large-scale climate change, but they are often overlooked when studying biological responses to global change Zellweger et al conducted long-term continental scale assessments of the effects of microclimates and large climates on the composition of European forest communities They show that changes in forest canopy cover are critical to promoting society's response to climate change The closed canopy cushions the effects of large-scale climate change through their cooling effects, slowing the change in the composition of forest communities, while the open canopy accelerates the change of forest communities through local heating effects (Bio Valley Bioon.com)