There are more than 3,000 regions in the human genome that are very different from other mammals (including the primates closest to us)
Neuron "Perhaps one of the most interesting questions in neuroscience is'What makes us human?'" said Christopher Walsh of Harvard University and the Allen Institute for Brain Science in the United States.
In order to systematically analyze which of the 3171 HARs previously identified is most likely to have contributed to the recent evolution of the human cerebral cortex, the researchers examined the genes in these regions in studies of a variety of human and mouse cell types and tissues Regulation effect
"In this study, we know that many HARs may act as regulators of gene expression in the brain, but we don't know much about which cell types in the brain they act on, and where or when in human lifespan
To overcome the limitations of earlier methods, Walsh and colleagues developed a new method called CaptureMPRA
They also integrated these data with the epigenetic data of human fetal nerve cell HARs to identify HARs that seem to play an important role in guiding the development of specific human brains
People's Congress Researchers report that, in general, the new findings indicate that many HARs do indeed promote neurodevelopment
The researchers also said that, in particular, a HARs regulatory gene called PPP1R17 has been experienced in cell types and developmental expression patterns between non-primates and primates, and between non-human primates and humans.
Researchers believe that these new findings define many HARs that play a key role in neuronal gene regulation programs, and nearly half of the latter show reproducible chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity in nerve cells and tissues
The team has also developed an easy-to-search online resource library (HARHub) that contains new data from this study and previously published common and rare human HARs sequence variation data sets
"Our work has made important progress in studying multiple genomic regions at the same time, helping to piece together a very complex but convincing picture of the evolution of the human brain
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