Latest Research Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy (No. 18)

November 30, 2020 // ---CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy), a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy.
therapy is a new type of cell therapy that has been available for many years but has only been improved in recent years to be used in clinical practice.
has significant effects on the treatment of acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and is considered one of the most promising forms of cancer treatment.
as with all technologies, CAR-T technology has gone through a long evolutionary process, and it is in this series of evolutions that CAR-T technology has matured.
key to this new treatment strategy is to identify artificial receptors called chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) in target cells, and after genetic modification, patient T cells are able to express this CAR.
In human clinical trials, scientists extracted some T-cells from patients through a dialysis-like process, then genetically modified them in the laboratory to import the genes that encode the CAR so that the T-cells could express the new subject.
these genetically modified T-cells are proliferated in the lab and then perfused back into the patient.
These T-cells use the CAR subjects they express to bind to molecules on the surface of the target cell, which triggers the production of an internal signal that then activates the T-cells so powerfully that they quickly destroy the target cells.
in recent years, CAR-T immunotherapy has been used to treat diseases such as solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, HIV infections and heart disease, in addition to acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
based on this, the editor-in-chief has made an inventory of the latest advances in CAR-T cell therapy to reach out to readers.
1.Science and Cell Sub-Journal: Developing "Intelligent" Cell Therapy for Cancer with Big Data Doi:10.1016/j.cels.2020.08.002; doi:10.1126/science.abc6270 The search for drugs that kill cancer cells while keeping normal tissue from harming is the top goal of oncology research.
in two new papers, researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, and Princeton University suggest complementary strategies for solving this conundrum with "smart" cell therapy: these live cell drugs remain inert unless activated by a group of proteins that appear only in cancer cells at the same time.
the biology of this universal approach has been explored for several years by Dr. Wendell Lim and his colleagues in the labs of the University of California, San Francisco's Cell Design Program and the National Cancer Institute-sponsored Synthetic Immunology Center.
, however, adds a powerful new dimension to this by combining cutting-edge therapeutic cell engineering with advanced computational methods.
in the first paper, published In the September 23, 2020 issue of cell Systems, entitled "Grady Power of Combinatorial Antigen Acknowledge in Cancer T Cell Therapies," members of Lim Labs teamed up with Dr. Olga G. Troyanskaya, a computer scientist at Princeton University's Louis-Sigler Institute for Integrated Genomics.
using machine learning, they analyzed a large database of thousands of proteins found in cancer and normal cells.
, they screened millions of possible protein combinations to create a list of protein combinations that could be used to precisely target only cancer cells, not normal cells.
from Cell Systems, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.cels.2020.08.002.
In a second paper, published in the November 27, 2020 issue of Science, entitled "Precise T cell system programs designed by transcriptionally linking multiple receptors," Lim and his colleagues then demonstrated how these calculated protein data can be used to drive the design of effective and highly selective cancer cell therapies.
2.ScienceDaily: Clinical trials show that CAR-T cells targeting GD2 are promising to treat neuroblastoma doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6169 in a new In the study, researchers from research institutions such as Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital in the UK and University College London developed a new CAR-T cell therapy designed to target cancerous tumours, showing promising early results in children with neuroblastoma, a rare childhood cancer.
study was published in the Journal of Science Translational Medicine on November 25, 2020 under the title "Antitumor activity on-off target-tumor toxicity of GD2-chimeric antigentor recep recep T cells with neuroblastoma".
in this principled validation study, the authors genetically modified the patient's own T-cells, an immune cell, to identify and kill neuroblastoma cells.
12 children with recurring or resuscientive neuroblastoma received the treatment as part of a Phase I clinical trial funded by Cancer Research UK.
study was one of the first to demonstrate that CAR-T cells can rapidly recede solid cancer.
the beneficial effects last only a short time, it provides important evidence that this particular CAR-T cell therapy could be used as a future treatment for solid cancer in children.
This study found that car-T cells (i.e., CAR-T targeting BCMA antigens) were infused with BCMA CAR-T Cells) The rate of severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or neurotoxicity (two common side effects of cytotherapy) and hematological toxicity was no worse in patients who received radiotherapy 34 days or less.
radiotherapy for relapsed/recurring multiple myeloma is commonly used to relieve bone pain associated with the disease, however, the possible effects on patients and CAR-T cell therapy are not fully understood.
these new findings suggest that radiotherapy appears to be a safe treatment option before patients receive CAR-T cell infusions, which provides more support for future studies that combine radiotherapy with cell therapy.
study, a retrospective analysis of a collaboration between the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center and Novarma, assessed the medical records of 25 patients treated with BCMA CAR-T cells and divided them into three groups.
group of patients received radiotherapy 34 days or less before infusion of these BCMA CAR-T cells after their T cells were collected for use in BCMA CAR-T cell manufacturing.
group of patients received radiotherapy within a year of BCMA CAR-T cell infusion.
third group of patients in BCMA CAR-T