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Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide
.
The prodromal phase of the disease is characterized by a series of non-motor symptoms that may precede the onset of classic motor symptoms by many years
diagnosis
Theoretically, the presence of a prodromal phase with limited involvement of brain regions provides an opportunity for early neuroprotective therapy aimed at preventing further spread of disease-specific pathology and subsequent neuronal death
.
However, symptoms associated with prodromal PD are not unique to PD and can also be caused by other diseases
The Honolulu-Asian Aging Study (HAAS) examined smell, constipation, executive function, and excessive daytime sleepiness in older adults (mean age 79.
7 years) and found that those with two or more risk factors had a 10-fold increased risk of PD
.
The Prospective Assessment of Risk Factors for Idiopathic Parkinson's Syndrome (PRISP) study, including participants with a mean age of 59 years, found prescreening age, positive family history and/or hyposmia, and secondary screening expanded Hypertonicity under the substantia nigra can predict PD
.
In the Parkinson's Risk Syndrome (PARS) study, hypoglycemic subjects had higher numbers of other nonmotor symptoms (anxiety, RBD, and constipation) than normal subjects, who were approximately 64 years old
Screen for hypoglycemia
In the Longitudinal Study of Ageing Amsterdam (LASA), Dareia S.
Roosa et al.
, University Medical Center Amsterdam, assessed the incidence of constipation, hyposmia, possible RBD, depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment
.
They recruited 775 subjects with a mean age of 60.
3 years from the Amsterdam Longitudinal Study of Aging (LASA)
.
They assessed patients for hyposmia, cognitive impairment, patient-reported constipation, possible REM sleep behavior disorder, depression and anxiety as known risk factors for PD
In addition, the PD Screening Questionnaire, the four-item physical fitness test, and the Functional Limitation Questionnaire were utilized to determine whether the presence of two or more PD risk factors was associated with reduced motor function
.
They found that the incidence of a single risk factor was between 3-13%
.
About 11% of subjects had two or more PD risk factors
The incidence of a single risk factor is between 3-13%
The significance of the study is that it found that approximately 11% of the late middle-aged population had two or more known risk factors for PD
.
Self-perceived PD symptoms and decreased performance were more prevalent in these subjects, suggesting that at least some of these subjects may be in the prodromal stage of PD
About 11% of the late middle-aged population has two or more known risk factors for PD
Original source:
Roos DS, Klein M, Deeg DJH, Doty RL, Berendse HW.
Prevalence of Prodromal Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in the Late Middle-Aged Population.
Prevalence of Prodromal Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in the Late Middle-Aged Population.
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