It is urgent to protect the breed resources of livestock and poultry in China

Introduction: to protect the diversity of livestock and poultry varieties is the basis and necessary condition to ensure the sustainable development of animal husbandry in China The increasingly single variety resources will make the livestock and poultry lose the adaptability to the complex and diverse ecological environment, and become the unstable source of animal husbandry production In recent years, mad cow disease, foot-and-mouth disease, dioxin and other incidents in Europe have sounded a warning to the world's animal husbandry! China is the country with the most abundant livestock and poultry resources in the world, with more than 300 local breeds and 304 (including 24 in Taiwan) of the world's "household animal diversity information system (dad-is)" Many of them have played an important historical and practical role in the formation and development of excellent varieties in the world, which has been recognized by the world These kinds of resources are the precious heritage left by our ancestors! However, according to the investigation of relevant departments, 50% of local varieties and groups in China have declined or disappeared rapidly More than 20% of the excellent local varieties are extinct or endangered, and they are becoming more and more serious Among them, the most serious is the loss of pig variety resources, followed by the chicken variety The reasons for the destruction of the genetic diversity of livestock and poultry are the unilateral pursuit of short-term economic benefits, the massive introduction of foreign varieties, the abuse of hybridization, and the misleading of domestic and foreign marketing markets to products The final trend is to introduce varieties to replace local varieties The lost genetic resources can not be regenerated, and no high-tech means can do anything about it, which is a great loss to our country and the world's genetic resources! With China's accession to the WTO, if there is no correct countermeasures, the diversity of China's species resources will face a more severe situation Therefore, the livestock ecology branch of China Society of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine puts forward the following appeals and suggestions 1 Correctly understand the relationship between introduced varieties and local varieties Reasonable application of introduced varieties, blind abuse of hybridization is strictly prohibited, and blind use of introduced varieties instead of domestic excellent local varieties is not allowed Second, we should treat the rich and colorful livestock and poultry resources differently (1) local varieties with unique characteristics and relative market advantages, but failing to form production scale: the principle of combining protection and development shall be adopted to promote the development of seed conservation, promote the development of seed conservation, and achieve the scale and industrialization At the same time of increasing the population, we should strengthen the selection and breeding, and constantly improve the performance and product quality of the original variety resources (2) for the varieties that need to be improved in some characters, it is necessary to establish a hybrid breeding system, produce binary or ternary hybrid commercial livestock and poultry, or establish a supporting line mainly based on local varieties, on the premise of basically protecting the original varieties, but it is not allowed to introduce the hybrid commercial livestock and poultry varieties into the pure breed breeding system (3) for endangered and rare or endangered species and groups, emergency rescue and conservation of living or "low temperature" species shall be carried out (4) for local varieties that are not clear or can not be evaluated, follow-up investigation and registration shall be continued so as to make correct evaluation 3 Formulate the "law on the protection of the diversity of animal and poultry species and resources in China" as soon as possible We call on the Ministry of agriculture, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of land and resources to take joint action The experience of joint action of the food organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in the past 30 years is worth learning 4 Establish seed protection fund The varieties included in the conservation plan should have an optimized conservation plan, so that the conservation funds can be effectively used It is suggested to establish a folk local variety association with local varieties as a unit, or to establish and develop a farm park based on farmers or farms, with the purpose of popularizing the knowledge of seed conservation through seed conservation 5 Use the Internet to promote the development of information network of livestock and poultry species resources 6 Continue to improve the database and information system of China's livestock and poultry resources The Ministry of agriculture may, with reference to the opinions of experts, issue the list of protected species in batches In August 2000, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the first national protection list of livestock and poultry varieties including 78 varieties, which is a good beginning of significance F47