Intelligent power meter reading service platform based on Internet of Things technology

Ren Yunye (Jiangsu Ankerui Microgrid Research Institute Co.
, Ltd.
, Jiangyin, Jiangsu) Abstract: With the development of science and technology, China's Internet of Things technology has made great progress
.

In order to improve the stability of power meter reading services and ensure the reliability of power meter reading data, this paper proposes and realizes an intelligent power meter reading service platform based on the Internet of Things, combined with cloud computing, big data and other technologies, to provide a variety of data services such as power collection, energy consumption management, electrical safety, prepayment, intelligent operation and maintenance, etc.
, to achieve monitoring, alarming, operation and maintenance of information, automation and intelligence
.

Keywords: energy Internet of Things; APP electricity meter; With the development of smart grid technology and Internet of Things technology, the use of 2G/4G/NB-IOT network for grid meter reading data transmission business has developed rapidly
.

Due to the wide distribution area of grid meter reading terminals, there are often problems such as terminal power failure, terminal abnormality, and weak network coverage, resulting in remote power meter reading equipment being unable to transmit data normally, affecting the timely transmission of meter reading data [1-3].


In order to improve the stability of power meter reading service and ensure the reliability of power meter reading data, this paper designs and implements an intelligent power meter reading service platform based on the Internet of Things, uses big data and cloud computing technology to establish upstream and downstream data standards, provides power collection copying, energy consumption management, electrical safety, prepayment, intelligent operation and maintenance, intelligent lighting and other data services, and realizes the informationization, automation and intelligence
of monitoring, alarming and operation and maintenance.

2.
1 Internet of Things TechnologyInternet of Things (IoT) technology, as the intersection of embedded technology, network technology and software technology, is defined as the use of infrared sensors, radio frequency identification, GPS and other communication technologies in accordance with a certain degree of intelligent interaction network [3].


It is generally believed that the structure of the Internet of Things can be divided into three levels: the perception layer, the network layer and the application layer: the perception layer mainly includes metering sensing equipment; The network layer includes the protocol stack of the network and its hardware and software implementations; The application layer includes centralized or distributed cloud computing platforms and user application software, which are the parts of the "thing" that directly interact with the
user.

IoT communication protocols are divided into access protocols and transmission protocols
.

The access protocol mainly refers to the protocol
for communication between the devices in the underlying sensing layer.

The transport protocol is based on the TCP/IP protocol of the Internet, which is oriented to the application layer for data exchange, and the common Internet of Things transport protocol is the MQTT protocol
.

MQTT uses a "push" mechanism to reduce the burden of short-term concurrent reception of data requests by the server, provides three types of service quality, and can realize asynchronous communication between devices and distant systems in resource-constrained networks
.

2.
2 MQTT protocol MQTT (Message Queuing Remote Transfer Protocol) was published by IBM in 1999 and is built on the TCP/IP protocol, a "lightweight" communication protocol based on the publish/subscribe (publish/subscribe) model
.

The advantage of MQTT is that it can provide real-time reliable messaging services for remotely connected devices with little code and limited bandwidth as a low-overhead, low-bandwidth usage instant messaging protocol that makes it widely used
in the Internet of Things, small devices, mobile applications, etc.

MQTT is a client-server based messaging / subscription transport protocol
.

The QTT protocol is lightweight, simple, open, and easy, and these features make it very widely applicable
.

MQTT protocol provides one-to-many message publishing, can reduce the coupling of the application, users only need to write a small amount of application code to complete a one-to-many message publishing and subscription, the protocol is based on the < client-server > model, in the protocol there are three main identities: publisher (Publisher), server (Broker) and subscriber (Subscriber).


Among them, the issuer and subscriber of the MQTT message are the existence of the client server as a relay, but the message issued by the publisher is forwarded to all subscribers who subscribe to the topic, the publisher can publish all topics within this permission, the message publisher is also a subscriber, and the message issued by the decoupling of the producer and the consumer can be subscribed
by multiple subscribers at the same time.

Third, the overall system design energy Internet of Things to energy supply, energy management, equipment management, energy consumption analysis of the energy flow direction as the main line, the energy production and processing, distribution and transmission, consumption, energy saving of all aspects of the series, combined with the interconnection of people and things, constitute the energy Internet of Things ecosystem with Ankeri products as the medium, in which the Internet of Things hardware and energy participants interact
with the platform in the form of data flow and business flow.

3.
1 Networking structure Acrel-EIoT energy Internet of Things cloud platform adopts a hierarchical distributed structure, which is mainly composed of three parts:
perception layer (terminal acquisition device), network layer (communication management terminal) and platform layer (energy Internet of Things cloud platform).

● Perception layer: all kinds of sensors connected to the network, including multi-function meters, prepaid meters, multi-loop meters, Internet of Things meters, Internet of Things water meters, battery car charging piles, car charging piles, street light controllers, etc
.

● Network layer: The intelligent gateway collects the data of the perception layer, converts and stores the data to the energy IoT cloud platform
after the protocol conversion and storage.

● Platform layer: including application server and data server, can be implemented on PC or mobile side
.

3.
2 Platform architecture Acrel-EIoT energy Internet of Things cloud platform system network structure adopts a hierarchical and distributed structure, the system includes: perception layer, data layer, application layer, performance layer and operation layer
.

The system architecture diagram is shown in the figure
.

The sensor layer includes all kinds of products of our company, which is the lowest layer of the entire system, and is also the basic component element necessary to build the energy Internet of Things cloud platform, mainly including multi-functional instruments, prepaid meters, multi-loop instruments, Internet of Things meters, Internet of Things water meters, battery car charging piles, car charging piles, street light controllers and other equipment
.

Intermediate data processing platform mainly to complete the data processing, data storage and data interaction work, in order to ensure the data processing capabilities of the entire integrated platform, we will store real-time data, historical data and business data in different libraries, and provide a variety of interfaces to achieve data interaction
with third-party systems.

The upper application layer refers to the Acrel-EIoT energy Internet of Things cloud platform, mainly to achieve various functional applications, the platform according to the flow of energy is divided into energy supply, energy management, equipment management and energy consumption analysis 4 major plates, of which energy supply includes power collection, intelligent operation and maintenance sub-module, energy management includes safe electricity, power quality sub-module, equipment management includes intelligent lighting, prepaid, charging pile sub-module, energy consumption analysis includes energy management, value-added service sub-module
。
The platform provides users with human-computer interaction interfaces through the way of web and app, and all kinds of users at the operation level can access and operate
the platform through these two ways.

Fourth, the platform function 4.
1, energy supply 4.
1.
1 power collection function module With the continuous development of information network technology, all kinds of scale and size, equipment types, quantities of different network equipment rooms are widely distributed in the location of the user's branches, due to the lack of monitoring systems that are relatively symmetrical with the scale system of the running network, a large number of unattended computer rooms The physical operating environment status, equipment operating conditions, Personnel activities and changes in fire conditions, including possible critical situations, cannot be found and dealt with in a timely manner, and it is difficult to be effectively foreseen, prevented and avoided
.

Therefore, it is necessary
to install an environmental monitoring system in the distribution room to realize the online monitoring of the distribution room environment and ensure the stable operation of the distribution room equipment.

The power collection and copying module can realize the query, analysis, early warning and comprehensive display of various monitoring data to ensure the environmental friendliness
of the distribution room.

In terms of intelligence, it realizes telemetry, telemetry and remote control of the power supply and distribution monitoring system, and conducts comprehensive detection and unified management of the system; In terms of data resource management, it is possible to display or query the operation of various equipment in the power supply and distribution room (including historical and real-time parameters), and query or print daily, monthly and annual reports according to the actual situation, so as to improve work efficiency and save human resources
.

4.
1.
2 According to statistics, the number of industrial and commercial users with high supply and high meter in the country has reached more than 2 million, which is huge in scale, but most of them are dailyOperation and maintenance work is relatively traditional, and there are generally problems such as
high labor cost, low work efficiency, long fault repair time, and weak risk prevention.

The State Grid Corporation and many power operation and maintenance companies are seizing this huge market, which is a market
of 100 billion yuan.

The intelligent O&M module adopts multi-functional power meter, wireless communication, edge computing gateway and big data analysis technology to collect on-site data through the intelligent gateway and store it locally, and then regularly push the data to the
cloud platform.

The platform can access thousands of user substation data
at the same time.

The data collected by the platform includes the electrical parameters and environmental data of the substation, including current and voltage power, switching status, transformer temperature, ambient temperature and humidity, immersion, smoke, video, access control and other information, and the alarm signal
is issued by SMS and APP within 10S of abnormal occurrence.

The platform sends O&M tasks to the people's mobile phones through the mobile APP, and closes the loop through GPS tracking the O&M execution process to improve O&M efficiency, instantly find operational defects and eliminate defects
.

4.
2, energy management 4.
2.
1 Safe use of electricity function module According to the website data of the Ministry of Emergency Management, the fire caused by electrical reasons in 2016 to 2018 accounted for about 30% to 34% of the total, of which a total of 237,000 fires were reported nationwide in 2018, and the fire caused by the violation of the regulations on the installation and use of electrical accounted for 34.
6% of the total, and the proportion of electrical fires in larger and major fire accidents was higher
.

The State Council, the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security and the provinces, municipalities and municipalities directly under the Central Government have issued documents to promote the use of smart electricity to prevent the occurrence of electrical fires from the source, and the current safe electricity management platform has been widely carried out
in nine small places, three-in-one places, pension welfare homes, medical places, schools, financial outlets and other crowded places.

The safe power management module conducts uninterrupted data tracking and statistical analysis of the main factors (cable temperature, leakage current, load current, voltage) caused by electrical fire, collects on-site data through 2G/NB-IOT/4G, and real-time discovers the safety hazards of electrical lines and electrical equipment (such as: cable temperature abnormality, overload, overvoltage, undervoltage and leakage, etc.
) and timely early warning through SMS, APP push, automatic voice call, etc.
Effectively prevent the occurrence of electrical fires
.

The system can display the electrical parameters such as leakage current and cable temperature at all monitoring points, and support inspection records and dispatch operations, provide safety hazard analysis reports, and evaluate the safety status
of enterprise electricity in real time.

4.
2.
2 The power quality problem of power quality functional module has attracted more and more attention and has become one of the research hotspots of
power system.

On the one hand, with the development of science and technology, a variety of precision and complex electrical equipment is widely used, and a large part of these devices are very sensitive to power quality; On the other hand, the continuous expansion of the scale of the power system and the rapid increase in the demand for electricity have led to very unstable
power quality.

The main purpose of power quality analysis is to determine the type and scope of power signal disturbance, and to effectively adjust and compensate
for the corresponding disturbance source.

Therefore, the key to improving and improving power quality lies in the timely and accurate acquisition of information
on various disturbing signal sources.

Power quality monitoring, including three imbalances, harmonics, and power factors, shows the three-phase imbalance in the form of vector graphs
.

When the three imbalances or power factors are too low, an alarm is generated to trigger APP, mobile phone SMS, email, DingTalk, voice and other ways to remind
.

4.
3, equipment management 4.
3.
1 intelligent lighting function module With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for working and living environment are getting higher and higher, and the requirements for lighting systems are also getting higher and higher
.

Energy consumption in the lighting field accounts for a considerable proportion of total energy consumption, and saving energy and improving lighting quality are top priorities
.

As an important part of electricity consumption, lighting electricity consumption has accounted for about 10% of power consumption, and with the rapid development of China's national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, lighting electricity consumption will continue to increase
.

Smart lighting uses IoT technology to continuously monitor
the power consumption status of lighting circuits installed in various areas of the city.

The platform by monitoring the current and voltage value of the lighting line to judge the working conditions of the lamp, any abnormal working state, the platform can monitor, early warning and alarm, early warning and alarm information through the mobile phone APP push, SMS, voice call, mail, WeChat Mini Program, WeChat public number, DingTalk, etc.
, quickly reach the side of the responsible person, remind the operator contactor tripping, power loss voltage and so on
.

4.
3.
2 Prepaid water and electricity function module Prepaid hydropower function can be used for commercial complexes, residential areas, office buildings, office buildings, serviced apartments and other properties, schools, factory dormitories of the logistics management department and chain supermarkets, large properties distributed financial operations, online payment, headquarters financial penetration, etc
.

At present, prepaid hydropower has been successfully widely used in the above scenarios and has been running stably for many years, which is suitable for the prepaid management of water and electricity by property companies for tenants in residential areas, offices and shops, or the prepaid and electricity safety control system
of schools for student dormitories.

4.
3.
3 Automobile/battery car toll operation function module electric vehicles have now become widely used green energy vehicles, while the number of electric bicycles is increasing, solving the problem of people's short-distance travel, but the safety and fire accident news related to electric bicycles is also common, there is a trend of increasing year by year, bringing great losses to the society, becoming a hidden danger
to the safety of people's lives and property.

Based on the hazards and characteristics of electric bicycle fires, government departments at all levels have issued documents to regulate parking and charging behaviors for
the rectification of electric bicycle fires.

Automotive/battery car toll operation function module conducts uninterrupted data collection and monitoring of charging pile stations and charging piles connected to the system through the Internet of Things technology, and at the same time provides early warning of various faults such as charger over-temperature protection, charger input and output overvoltage, undervoltage, insulation detection failure and so on; After the user scans the two-dimensional code through the WeChat Mini Program and makes the payment, the system initiates a charging request and controls the charging pile corresponding to the two-dimensional code to complete the charging process
of the electric vehicle.

The charging pile can be optionally equipped with WIFI module or GPRS module to access the Internet, with encryption technology and key distribution technology, TCP/IP-based data interaction protocol, and direct connection
with the cloud.

This functional module provides a package solution for charging safety management, asset management and transaction management for automobile/battery vehicle charging pile customers, solves the problems of charging difficulty, management difficulty and charging difficulty, and can be applied to the operation and management
of electric bicycle charging places set up in commercial buildings, residential areas, schools, hospitals and other places.

4.
4, energy analysis 4.
4.
1 Energy management function module In order to steadily promote the double carbon target, in the context of the "dual control" of energy consumption intensity and total consumption, enterprises need to consider how to deal with the dual control of energy consumption to ensure normal production
.

Most of the existing enterprises still adopt the mode
of "separate planning, independent design and independent operation" of various energy supply systems such as electricity, water, gas, cold and heat.

Widespread metering detects under-provisioning; The measurement accuracy of the metering equipment is not high, and the measurement data is not accurate; Low reliability of manual meter reading; It is difficult to effectively monitor and evaluate the energy efficiency of major energy-consuming equipment; Lack of decision data support and inability to provide reliable reference data for energy conservation assessments; There is a lack of an effective enterprise energy efficiency assessment index system, and it is difficult to implement energy consumption management measures
.

The energy management module adopts automation and information technology to realize the automation and scientific management of the whole process from energy data collection, process monitoring, energy medium consumption analysis, energy consumption management, energy consumption management, etc.
, so that the whole process of energy management, energy production and use is organically combined, and advanced data processing and analysis technology is used to carry out offline production analysis and management, realize the unified scheduling of the whole plant energy system, optimize the balance of energy media, effectively use energy, improve energy quality, Reduce energy consumption, achieve energy conservation and reduce consumption and improve the overall energy management level
.

4.
4.
2 Value-added service function module (1) Industrial configuration The traditional industrial automation configuration application development method requires developmentPeople have the ability to write code, understand the concepts and usage of related development frameworks, and this development method has a long development cycle and is very demanding
for developers.

At the same time, traditional industrial automation configuration applications are deployed in industrial sites, and the ease of deployment and accessibility are very low
.

With the rapid development of the industrial Internet, application requirements are often updated and iterated very quickly, and equipment manufacturers often do not have the relevant industrial configuration software development background, making the development and update speed of industrial configuration software very slow, often unable to meet the needs
of rapid business growth.

At the same time, access to industrial configuration software is no longer limited to industrial sites, and the demand for access from outside industrial sites is also increasing
.

The industrial configuration module in the Acrel-EIoT energy Internet of Things cloud platform solves the problem of low deployment and accessibility of traditional industrial automation configuration applications, and adjusts the attributes, position, size, etc.
of the configuration screen components by the user in the development tool by dragging and dropping the mouse, and builds a rich configuration component library, so that the user does not need the ability to write code, does not need the technical background of industrial automation configuration software development, and can also easily develop the industrial configuration interface At the same time, it also supports data display, remote control and other functions
.

(2) 3D visualization 3D visualization technology realizes multi-dimensional visualization through virtual simulation, provides customers with digital services, helps enterprises to manage energy economy in both directions, and improves the level of
energy management.

The main functions that can be realized are: real-time synchronization of regional information; Grasp the energy consumption of each region in an all-round way; Visually monitor the operating status of the equipment; Intelligent inspection, automatically analyze the equipment operation, power quality, electrical safety, energy abnormalities and other conditions on the inspection path, and record the inspection results
.

V.
Summarizing With the wide application of 4G and the rapid advancement of 5G, a new generation of Internet of Things technology represented by NB-IoT has emerged
.

At present, the scale of the connection between things and things is expanding rapidly, the application of connection is changing with each passing day, and the Internet of Things technology can be said to be deeply embedded in multiple vertical industries
.

However, IoT terminals are often more scattered, not only the installation environment is complex, but also the network signal is often difficult to be guaranteed, and the daily management and abnormal problem troubleshooting of the Internet of Things business are difficult
.

This paper designs and implements an intelligent power meter reading service platform based on the Internet of Things, uses big data and cloud computing technology to establish upstream and downstream data standards, provides power collection and copying, energy consumption management, electrical safety, prepayment, intelligent operation and maintenance, intelligent lighting and other data services, improves the stability of power meter reading services, ensures the reliability of power meter reading data, and realizes the informationization, automation and intelligence
of monitoring, alarming and operation and maintenance.

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Journal of Internet of Things<->