Inflammation may explain differences in susceptivity in the population to severe COVID-19.

!--webeditor:page title" -- September 22, 2020 / -- COVID-19 infection levels can vary greatly, with some people having no symptoms at all, others life-threatening and others vulnerable to very serious effects; SARS-CoV-2 affects men, younger people, and people with diseases such as diabetes and obesity, and ethnic minorities are affected by different proportions in the UK and other Western countries.
Photo Source: PRESSENZA Although many factors can affect the severity of people's exposure to disease, including environmental risks such as access to health care, occupational exposure and pollution, scientists are now increasingly aware that for some high-risk groups, the body's response to the immune system, i.e. inflammation, may explain why they get sick.
specifically, the risks associated with diabetes, obesity, age and gender are all associated with the immune system's dysfunction in the face of the virus.
A common feature of many COVID-19 patients is that because their body's immune system is overactive, it tends to cause serious lung damage, the main feature of which is the production of a large number of inflammatory products called cytokines, which are called cytokine storms; Really powerful tools, for example, block the regeneration of viruses, however, some cytokines, if unmanaged, can induce real damage to the body, such as helping to introduce other immune cells to fight infection, or enhancing the body's ability to recruit cells through blood vessels, which may be what happens in cytokine storms.
Many white blood cells also secrete cytokines, but special cells such as monocytes and macrophages appear to be the biggest culprits in cytokine storms, and when controlled, these cells are a good force that can help detect and destroy threats encountered, remove and repair damaged tissue;
If not well controlled, diabetes can lead to elevated blood sugar levels in the body, and a recent study found that macrophages and monocytes may respond to high levels of glucose in COVID-19, with worrying results; SARS-CoV-19 2 Need to lock a target on the surface of the host cell to invade the host cell, which tends to choose a protein called ACE2 on the cell surface, glucose will increase the level of macrophages and monocyte surface ACE2, thus helping the virus infection should have helped kill the cells that kill the virus.
Once the virus enters the cell safely, it begins to produce a large number of inflammatory cytokines, which effectively initiates a cytokine storm, and the higher the level of glucose, the more successful the virus may be in replicating within the cell, which in essence may provide some fuel for the virus;
Photo Source: Sketchfab obesity also induces higher levels of glucose in the body, similar to diabetes, which affects the activation of macrophages and monocytes, and studies have shown that macrophages from obese individuals are ideal for SARS-CoV-2 breeding.
caused by diabetes and obesity can also occur in older people, such as those over 60, a phenomenon known as inflammatory aging.
of inflammation is the high level of inflammatory cytokines in the body, which are influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, microbiome and obesity.
Many older people also have lower levels of lymphocytes, which are specifically targeted at destroying the virus; this means that for some older people, the body's immune system is not only less able to fight infection, but is more likely to lead to destructive immune responses, and fewer lymphocytes means that the vaccine may not be very effective, which must be taken into account in the future development of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Another concern for researchers is why men seem to be more susceptible to COVID-19, in part because men are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infections than women, and that ACE2 subjects used by viruses to adhere to and infect cells have higher levels of expression in men than in female bodies, which also have high levels of TMPRSS2 enzymes that promote the virus's entry into host cells.
, immunology studies have provided clues to gender differences, and we have long known that there are some differences in immunization between men and women, especially in COVID-19.
In a recent study, researchers tracked and compared the body's immune response to COVID-19 infections in both men and women, and found that men were more likely to produce atypical monocytes, which have potentially inflammatory properties that can create a typical cytokine storm, while women have a stronger T-cell response, which is needed to effectively kill viruses, but age increases and have higher BMI or reverse immune effects in women.
Such studies highlight differences between people, and the more we understand these differences and susceptibility, the more we can consider how best to treat each patient, although later researchers need to collaborate to consider differences in the body's immune function and include people with different population outcomes in clinical trials of drugs and vaccines.
() Reference: 1: "1" 1. Yorky of COVID-19(2) Coronavirus: Why Men are More More To Covid-19 Than Women? The role of macrophages in obesity-associated isletitis and beta-cellitis !--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page title"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""outcomes, and reversal of the immune system aging 5" Sexs in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 that underlie disease outcomes 6: The key factor that explains solutiony to severe COVID !-- / ewebeditor: page --.