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Compared with traditional transplanting, this rice variety can be sown directly, which significantly saves water and water resources.
Labor force
.
Pusa Basmati 1979 and Pusa Basmati 1985 rice varieties contain a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene, which allows farmers to spray the broad-spectrum herbicide imazethapyr to control weeds
.
In this way, there is no need to prepare a nursery.
The rice seeds are cultivated into seedlings, and then they are uprooted and replanted in the main field after 25-35 days
.
These two new varieties were officially released by Indian Prime Minister Modi in September
.
.
In this way, there is no need to prepare a nursery.
The rice seeds are cultivated into seedlings, and then they are uprooted and replanted in the main field after 25-35 days
.
These two new varieties were officially released by Indian Prime Minister Modi in September
.
Rice transplanting is laborious and water consuming
.
For the first three weeks after transplantation, the plants should be irrigated almost daily to maintain a water depth of 4-5 cm
.
Even when the crop is in the tillering (stem development) stage for the next four to five weeks, farmers will continue to water every two to three days
.
.
For the first three weeks after transplantation, the plants should be irrigated almost daily to maintain a water depth of 4-5 cm
.
Even when the crop is in the tillering (stem development) stage for the next four to five weeks, farmers will continue to water every two to three days
.
"Water is a natural herbicide that can treat weeds during the early growth period of rice crops
.
The new varieties only need to replace part of the water with imazethapyr, without seedling raising, tilling, transplanting and irrigation
.
You can sow rice directly , Just like wheat," said AK Singh, Director of IARI
.
.
The new varieties only need to replace part of the water with imazethapyr, without seedling raising, tilling, transplanting and irrigation
.
You can sow rice directly , Just like wheat," said AK Singh, Director of IARI
.
Imazethapyr is effective against a series of broadleaf weeds, gramineous weeds and sedge weeds, and cannot be used in ordinary rice fields because the chemical cannot distinguish between crops and invasive plants
.
The ALS gene in rice encodes an enzyme (protein) that can synthesize amino acids needed for crop growth and development
.
Herbicides sprayed on ordinary rice will bind to ALS enzymes and inhibit their production of amino acids
.
.
The ALS gene in rice encodes an enzyme (protein) that can synthesize amino acids needed for crop growth and development
.
Herbicides sprayed on ordinary rice will bind to ALS enzymes and inhibit their production of amino acids
.
The new Basmati variety contains an ALS gene whose DNA sequence has been altered using ethyl methanesulfonate (a chemical mutant)
.
Therefore, the ALS enzyme no longer has a binding site for imidazolium, and amino acid synthesis will not be inhibited
.
Rice can now tolerate imazethapyr herbicide and will only kill weeds when applied
.
.
Therefore, the ALS enzyme no longer has a binding site for imidazolium, and amino acid synthesis will not be inhibited
.
Rice can now tolerate imazethapyr herbicide and will only kill weeds when applied
.
Singh pointed out that this is herbicide tolerance achieved through mutation breeding, not genetic modification
.
There are no foreign genes here
.
.
There are no foreign genes here
.
Both Pusa Basmati 1979 and 1985 were bred by crossing existing popular varieties (Pusa 1121 and Pusa 1509, respectively) with "Robin"
.
The latter is a mutant line derived from the dryland drought-tolerant rice variety Nagina 22
.
S Robin, a rice breeder from the Agricultural University of Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, has identified the mutant's imazethapyr tolerance
.
.
The latter is a mutant line derived from the dryland drought-tolerant rice variety Nagina 22
.
S Robin, a rice breeder from the Agricultural University of Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, has identified the mutant's imazethapyr tolerance
.
Farmers in Punjab and Haryana have begun to use direct seeding of rice (DSR) to cope with labor shortages and depletion of groundwater tables
.
This year alone, the total area of rice fields in these two states is 4.
43 million hectares, of which about 600,000 hectares are DSR
.
.
This year alone, the total area of rice fields in these two states is 4.
43 million hectares, of which about 600,000 hectares are DSR
.
DSR planting is currently based on two herbicides, pendimethalin (applied within 72 hours after sowing) and bispyribac (18-20 days later)
.
As Singh pointed out, "These are more expensive than Imazethapyr (1,500 rupees vs.
300 rupees/acre)
.
In addition, Imazethapyr has a wider range of weed control and is safer because ALS does not exist in humans and mammals.
Gene
.
Even in herbicide-tolerant rice, this chemical is only effective against weeds
.
"
.
As Singh pointed out, "These are more expensive than Imazethapyr (1,500 rupees vs.
300 rupees/acre)
.
In addition, Imazethapyr has a wider range of weed control and is safer because ALS does not exist in humans and mammals.
Gene
.
Even in herbicide-tolerant rice, this chemical is only effective against weeds
.
"
Rice transplanting usually requires about 30 irrigations.
Compared with rice transplanting, it is estimated that DSR requires 30% less water, saving 3,000 rupees per acre in transplanting labor costs, and because there is no need to prepare a nursery, it also saves 10- Time cost of 15 days
.
However, the success of DSR depends on effective herbicide solutions, such as breeding imazethapyr-tolerant varieties
.
Compared with rice transplanting, it is estimated that DSR requires 30% less water, saving 3,000 rupees per acre in transplanting labor costs, and because there is no need to prepare a nursery, it also saves 10- Time cost of 15 days
.
However, the success of DSR depends on effective herbicide solutions, such as breeding imazethapyr-tolerant varieties
.
