In recent years, scientists have made new achievements in the field of proteomics research!

In !-- paper, we have compiled several important research results to interpret the new achievements made by scientists in the field of proteomics research in recent years! Share it with everyone! Photo credit: CC0 Public Domain 1 Cell: Heavy! Chinese scientists have successfully mapped a comprehensive protein map of human lung adenocarcinoma! Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.043 In a recent study published in the international journal Cell, scientists from the Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutions conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of 103 patients with Luad, lung adenocarcinoma, the leading cause of death in all cancers worldwide. In the
article, the researchers revealed the molecular characteristics associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and the association between these molecular characteristics and clinical prognostics, potential prognostic biomarkers and drug targets in patients;
In order to fully understand the molecular characteristics of pulmonary adenocarcinoma and to provide opportunities for the development of more accurate diagnostic techniques and therapies for pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the researchers conducted complete proteomics and phosphate proteins in tumor tissue and pairs of non-cancerous neighboring tissues in 103 patients. Histological analysis identified 11,119 proteins and 22,564 phosphorylation points, combining these proteomics, clinical information and genomics data to provide researchers with a comprehensive molecular map of lung adenocarcinoma.
researchers found that epitheline intersective transformation (EMT) and inflammatory and cancerous signaling pathogenesis may lead to poor prognosis in patients with stage 1 pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and then established a link between genomic changes and protein properties in patients with EGFR or TP53 mutations, the dominant drivers of lung adenocarcinoma in China.
: Proteomics and metabolic group characteristics of serum in patients with neo-coronary pneumonia doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.032 in In a new study, researchers from Westlake University in China, Wenzhou Medical University and Dean Diagnostics' Kaile Spectrum Laboratory speculated that characteristic molecular changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in the serum of patients with severe COVID-19.
these molecular changes may shed some implications for the development of patient treatments.
to test this hypothesis, they used proteomics and metabolomic techniques to analyze serum proteomics and metabolic groups from COVID-19 patients and several control groups.
while COVID-19 can be effectively diagnosed early by nucleic acid-based methods, it is also important to minimize mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 prior to the manifestations of severe symptoms.
the new study, the authors found that machine learning models based on the expression levels of 22 serum proteins and 7 metabolites could classify severe cases (Figures 2A and 2B).
the authors had an overall accuracy of 93.5% in the training set (C1).
classification of the two patients was inconsistent with the clinical diagnosis.
one of them (patient XG3) was the oldest patient in the non-severe group, reflecting the complexity of the clinical queue.
In this training set (C1), they were correctly identified based on an analysis of serum samples taken by five severe patients 1 to 4 days before they were clinically diagnosed with severe COVID-19 (Figure 1), which means that their serum protein and metabolite characteristics at the time of sampling may have indicated a further deterioration to severe condition, even if severe clinical symptoms have not yet begun to appear.
in-depth analysis! Aging and diet may alter the proteomic properties of the body's intestinal corted cells! Doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107565 In a recent study published in the international journal Cell Reports, scientists from institutions such as the Fritz-Lippman Institute-Leibnitz Institute for Aging in Germany found that aging and diet may lead to changes in proteomics in intestinal endoskin cells.
The small intestine is one of the most important contact surfaces between the body and the environment, which is mainly responsible for nutrient absorption, but also to form a barrier against potentially harmful environmental factors, in this study, the researchers analyzed the effects of aging and diet on the body's intestinal cortectal cells in age and older mice, the researchers revealed the effects of regional specificity on the proteomics and age-related damage to adapt to the nutritional effects, the results of the study may provide a complete picture to clarify the spatial structure of the small intestine protein group in mice.
The small intestine has two main functions, the first is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat, and the second is to act as a barrier function to limit the entry of harmful substances into the body, the small intestine is a highly adaptable and dynamic organ, it can constantly adapt to nutritional intake and dietary changes, small intestine skin cells will go through an updated process every 3-5 days.
Researchers have now clarified the effects of aging and diet on small intestine function, which is known to reduce the absorption of nutrients by small intestinal cortical cells, leading to malnutrition in older adults, and the anatomical differences between different regions of the small intestine, but so far researchers have not been aware of the regional specific effects of aging and diet on the specific types of protein subteums that make up small intestine endotrupy cells.
: The largest proteomics study to date reveals a mysterious link between glucose metabolic proteins and Alzheimer's disease! doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0815-6 We still don't fully understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, a paper published today In a study in the international journal Nature Medicine entitled "Large-scale proteomic analysis of Alzheimer's disease brain and cerebrospinal fluid reveals early changes in energy metabolism associated with microglia and astrocyte activation", Scientists from Emory University School of Medicine and others have linked the body's glucose metabolic proteins to the biological properties of Alzheimer's disease (AD) disease in the largest proteomics study to date using quantitative mass spectrometrometrometrology and co-expression network analysis techniques.
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page"--protein network module can be linked to sugar metabolism as one of the most common modules, and has become one of the most relevant modules related to AD pathology and body cognition; This module is capable of amassing AD genetic risk factors and small glial cells and astrocyte protein markers associated with the anti-inflammatory state, which indicates that the biological function it represents plays a key role in the onset of AD, and that proteins from the module increase in cerebrospinal fluid in the early stages of the disease. In the
study, researchers identified disease-specific proteins and biological processes that could help develop new targeted therapies, and found strong correlations between a group of proteins that regulate the body's glucose metabolism and proteins that play a protective role in small glial and astrological glial cells, or with pathological advances and cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease.
Cell: Using proteomics techniques to reveal why patients with metastasis melanoma do not respond to immunotherapy? doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.012 In a study published in the international journal Cell, researchers from Tel Aviv University used the study to explain why more than half of metastasis melanomas Patients did not respond to cancer immunotherapy, and in the article, the researchers used proteomics techniques (protein mapping) to answer a question they desperately wanted to know about why immunotherapy was so helpful to melanoma patients but had no effect on 60 percent of metastasis melanoma patients.
compared the responses of 116 melanoma patients to immunotherapy, including those treated successfully and unsuccessfully, using proteomics techniques, the researchers were able to detect differences in metabolism between cancer cells in both groups of patients.
researcher Professor Markel said that in recent years, scientists have used a variety of cancer immunotherapy therapies, which enhance the body's immune system's anti-cancer activity, to effectively treat some cancer patients, but some patients do not respond to immunotherapy, and researchers do not yet know the molecular mechanisms.
Photo Source: Human Protein Atlas 6 Science: Using phosphate proteomics to clarify the signaling pathology that opioids activate in the brain doi:10.1126/science.aao4927 Opioids are powerful painkillers that work in the brain, but they have a range of harmful side effects, including addiction.
In a new study, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry (MPIB) in Germany; in Innsbruck Medical University in Austria; and at the University of Tamp in the United States and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark have developed a tool that provides a deeper understanding of the brain's response to opioids.
they used mass spectrometry to determine changes in the protein phosphatation ---protein molecular switch--- pattern in five different regions of the brain, and to correspond them to the expected and undesirable therapeutic effects of opioids.
results will provide a way to identify new drug targets and design new painkillers with fewer side effects.
study was published in the journal Science.
cascading signals used by cells to respond to external stimuli are similar to a company's chain of command.
the activation of a single subject (like a company leader) to provide instructions to other proteins in the cell (like a group of subordinates).
this information is transmitted to lower-level organizational structures through signal cascades of other interacting proteins.
like employees who perform different tasks to keep the company running, proteins are molecular machines that perform most of the functions of cells.
in cells, instructions are passed on to other proteins by altering the function of these "cell employees."
one way to change function is to "phosphate--- a phosphate molecule to a protein.
by analyzing all these molecular switches simultaneously, it is possible to determine the activity of signaling paths in cells or organs.
to studying DNA, the genetic "blueprint" that is almost identical in all cells, the chain of command provides a more accurate understanding of what is happening in cells.
J Pathol: Proteomics studies reveal that the latest molecular mechanism of Alzheimer's disease, doi:10.1002/path.4929 late onset, irregular occurrence of Alzheimer's disease accounts for 99% of all such diseases, and it is associated with a variety of pathogenic factors and pathological mechanisms.
one of these proteins is a post-translation modification process called "O-connect beta-N acetyl glucosamine modification" or "O-GlcNAc".
low levels of O-GlcNAc and decomposable traits make it difficult to study this type of protein modification, and scientists have difficulty quantifying O-GlcNAc on a large scale.
, based on a recent paper published in the journal Journal of Pathology, the researchers used new methods of integrating proteomics to study this type of protein modification in detail.
by Cheng-Xin Gong of City University of New York and Sheng Wang of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
study provided a very systematic quantitative proteomic analysis of the characteristics of the O-GlcNAc modification of the brain.
the O-GlcNAc modification levels of more than 1,000 peptides in multiple samples by performing a variety of isotope markers and drawing on previous studies.
results provide new ideas for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease.
addition, this high-volume approach can be extended to other types of protein modification studies (e.g. phosphorylation, etc.) to help reveal the intrinsic link between O-GlcNAc and the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
. Nature: New players identified by comparative glycoproteomics as causing the toxicity of ricin toxin doi:10.1038/nature24015 Although significant progress has been made in genomics, metabolomics, protein and lipid studies, glycosylation has not been widely explored at proteomic levels.
techniques for analyzing complex glycoproteomes are limited.
not only in the quantity and location of glycosaccharin, but also in the composition and structure of each glycan.
glycoproteomics is "one of the key frontiers of life science."
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:title"--in a new study, Josef Penni, director of the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, is overcoming technical limitations in this field.