In-depth analysis! Aging and diet may alter the proteomics of the body's intestinal epithelial cells!

May 26, 2020/PRNewswire
BIOON/ -- In a recent study published in the international journalCell Reports, scientists from institutions such as the Fritz-Lipman Institute-Leibniz Institute for Aging in Germany found that aging and diet may cause changes inproteomicsin intestinal epithelial cellssmall intestine is one of the most important contact surfaces between the body and the environment, which is mainly responsible for nutrient absorption, but also can form a barrier against potentially harmful environmental factors, in this study, the researchers analyzed the effects of aging and diet on the intestinal epithelial cells of the age and elderly mice, the researchers revealed the effects of regional specificity on proteomics and age-related impairments to adapt to nutritional effects, the results of the study may provide a complete picture of the spatial structure of small body intestinal proteomics in miceimage source: FLI/Alessandro Ori and Nadja Gebertthe small intestine has two main functions, the first is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we ingest, and second, it can act as a barrier function to limit harmful substances into the body, the small intestine is a highly adaptable and dynamic organ, which can constantly adapt to nutrient intake and dietary changes, small intestine epithelial cells will undergo a continuous renewal process every 3-5 daysNow researchers have clarified the effects of aging and diet on the function of the small intestine, it is known that aging reduces the absorption of nutrients by small intestine epithelial cells and causes malnutrition in the elderly, and the researchers also know about the anatomical differences between different regions of the small intestine, but so far, researchers do not know the specific effects of aging and diet on the specific protein subgroup of the specific type of protein that makes up the small intestine epithelial cellsnow researchers have used advanced mass spectrometry-based proteomics to analyze age and regional specificity differences in the composition of small intestine crypts, an anatomical structure located under the intestinal epithelial, where there are intestinalstem cellsand different types of differentiated cells;age-specific effects on intestinal epithelial tissue
by analyzing changes in the protein group in 12 different regions of small intestine tissue, the researchers were able to analyze spatial changes in protein abundance along different regions of small intestine tissue and identify regional differences in the composition of small intestine cellsthen, the researchers investigated the effects of aging on small intestine reclusive nests isolated from the entire small intestine tissue, and compared more than 5,000 proteins in the body of aging mice, and further analysis showed that proteins affected by aging exhibited regional-specific abundance, which meant that aging had different effects on the anatomical regions of different tissues in the intestinal epithelial tissue Researcher Nadja Gebert said: 'This paper clearly illustrates the effects of aging on protein and cell composition in the small intestine, and we have found major changes in certain inflammatory-related proteins and a decrease in the level of stem cell markers, which indicates that during the aging process, the structure of the epithelial tissue of the small intestine is disturbed, which in turn causes inflammation and reduces the ability of the small intestine to self-renew, especially in the intestinal region, which tends to show more apparent appearance senileization due to the decrease in the number of cupular cells in each nest effects of diet on intestinal tissue in older and younger mice
the researchers also analyzed the response of age and older mice to dietary changes, placing young and elderly mice for a month in a dietaryly restricted environment, an anti-aging intervention based on reduced dietary intake but not malnutrition, followed by supplementary feeding of a group of subjects after dieting, a short-term diet diet that affected the abundance of hundreds of proteins in young mice In mice, the reaction appeared to have been passed on and the affected protein levels declined, suggesting that older mice had reduced their ability to adapt to changes in dietary mutations, that older mice had problems in stabilizing their weight, and that their weight continued to decline today after changing their eating habits, while the young animals were able to stabilize their weight quickly after a few days This suggests the potential anti-aging effects of dietary interventions In particular, it may promote positive recovery of epithelial cell composition in older mice and promote the younger part of the small intestine reclusive proteomics, said Alessandro Ori, a researcher at the , which, on the other hand, shows that the adaptive response of the intestinal epithelial tissue in older mice is reduced, revealing dramatic changes in the way diets are altered or treated with theeffectitus effects of dietary changes ketones or genealogy decisions that regulate stem cell researchers carefully analyzed the process of affecting intestinal stem cells after short-term dietary restrictions and then eating, and found that intestinal epithelial tissue may partially recover because of an increase in the level of stem cells that are differentiated toward the secretion line, and then identified the ketonogen-generated speed limitase, Hmgcs2, which can be used as a regulation of stem cell differentiation, mainly to cause dietary changes in the intestinal stem cell The researchers point out that the activity of Hmgcs2 regulates the regeneration and differentiation of intestinal stem cells in vitro, while the decrease in enzyme activity promotes the expression of secretion markers in the body and in vitro, so the decrease in The activity of Hmgcs2 can regulate the differentiation of the intestinal stem cells to the secretion spectrum analyzed metabolic changes from a broader perspective, the researchers found regional differences in the abundance of speed-limit enzymes in other metabolic pathways, such as the sugar-alienation process, suggesting that the metabolism and levels of metabolites in the intestinal epithelial cells change along the small intestine, which may contribute to the maintenance of epithelial cell composition and the constant adaptation of small intestine tissue to dietary changes Based on this extensive proteomics study, researcher Ori said, we were able to map the complete spatial composition of small intestine proteomics in mice, which could help researchers dig deeper and serve as a free online resource Future researchers will look for more ways to restore the regenerative capacity of the guts of the elderly, thereby improving the healthy aging of the elderly population (biovalleybioon.com) References: Nadja Gebert, Chia-Wei Cheng, Joanna M Kirkpatrick, et al.
Region-Specific Proteome Changes of the Intestinal Epithelium Inging and Dietary , CellReports
(2020), doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107565