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iNatureTuft cells are a type of intestinal epithelial cells that reside in the epithelial barrier and play a key role in immunity against parasitic infection
.
Whether Tuft cells are involved in bacterial eradication remains unclear
.
On March 22, 2022, Fan Zusen and Tian Yong from the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Xiong Zhen, Zhu Xiaoxiao, Geng Jingjing and Xu Yuwei are the co-first authors) published a joint communication on Immunity online entitled "Intestinal Tuft-2 cells exert antimicrobial immunity via Sensing bacterial metabolite N-undecanoylglycine", which identified Sh2d6 as a signature marker of CD45+ Tuft-2 cells
.
Depletion of Tuft-2 cells leads to susceptibility to bacterial infection
.
Tuft-2 cells rapidly expanded in response to bacterial infection and sensed the bacterial metabolite N-undecanoylglycine through the vomeronasal receptor Vmn2r26
.
Mechanistically, Vmn2r26 binds to the N-undecanoylglycine-activated G protein-coupled receptor-phospholipase Cγ2 (GPCR-PLCγ2)-Ca2+ signaling axis to initiate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) production
.
PGD2 enhances goblet cell mucus secretion and induces antimicrobial immunity
.
In addition, Vmn2r26 signaling promoted the expression of the SpiB transcription factor, which is responsible for the development and expansion of Tuft-2 cells in response to bacterial action
.
Taken together, the findings reveal an additional function of Tuft-2 cells in fighting bacterial infection through Vmn2r26-mediated recognition of bacterial metabolites
.
In addition, on March 17, 2022, Fan Zusen, Tian Yong and Ye Buqing of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly communicated (Ye Buqing, Yang Liuliu, Liu Benyu, Liu Nian and Fan Dongdong are the co-first authors) in Cellular & Molecular Immunology (IF=12 ) published a research paper titled "Induction of functional neutrophils from mouse fibroblasts by thymidine through enhancing Tet3 activity" online, which reported for the first time that the metabolite thymidine small molecule can induce the fate transition of fibroblasts to neutrophils, This study provides an experimental basis for obtaining neutrophils in vitro for the treatment of infectious diseases and neutropenia
.
On October 14, 2021, Fan Zusen, Tian Yong and Wang Yanying of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly published an online article entitled "Circular RNA circIPO11 drives self-renewal of liver cancer initiating cells via Hedgehog signaling in Molecular Cancer (IF=27.
40)" ”, which identified highly conserved circRNAs in humans and mice from 3 primary HCC samples by circRNA arrays
.
This study found that CircIPO11 was highly expressed in HCC tumor tissues and liver CSCs
.
CircIPO11 is required for hepatic CSC self-renewal maintenance to initiate HCC development
.
Therefore, circIPO11 and Hedgehog signaling pathways may provide new potential targets for the treatment of HCC patients (click to read)
.
The mammalian gut is not only an organ for absorbing nutrients, but also one of the largest peripheral immune organs
.
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute a barrier surface that separates the mammalian host from the external environment
.
IEC senses the contents of the gut lumen, including nutrients, microbiota, and metabolites, and crosstalks with immune cells in the lamina propria to coordinate gut homeostasis and immunity
.
Tuft cells are a type of epithelial cell found in the epithelial barrier throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, nasal cavity, trachea, and even the thymus
.
Tuft cells are a major source of interleukin 25 (IL-25) in the gut
.
Following helminth infection, IL-25 produced by Tuft cells further activates type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2) to secrete IL-13, which initiates an immune response against the parasite
.
The Tuft cell-ILC2 circuit enhances gut remodeling and mediates type 2 immunity to repel parasites
.
A recent report showed that Tuft cells can synthesize cysteinyl leukotrienes to enhance immunity to helminth infections
.
Intestinal Tuft cells express the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) to sense succinate from Trichomonas and the microbiota
.
Tuft cells also express several other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) and bitter taste receptors (type 2 taste receptors, T2R)
.
T2Rs signal through a G protein cascade to activate Tuft cells against Trichinella infection
.
Tuft-2 cells recognize bacterial metabolites through Vmn2r26 receptors and activate them to generate PGD2, which in turn activate goblet cells to secrete mucus to participate in the clearance of pathogens (Figure from Immunity).
Olfactory receptors are another typical chemosensory GPCR
.
Vomeronasal receptors (VRs) are a unique class of pheromone olfactory receptors
.
VRs are divided into three subfamilies, type I VR (V1R), type II VR (V2R), and formyl peptide receptors (FPR)
.
In addition to the vomeronasal neuroepithelium, FPR is expressed in neutrophils and macrophages, which recognize bacterial formylated peptides to initiate antimicrobial immunity
.
However, the function of olfactory receptors in Tuft cells has remained elusive
.
As a specific type of epithelial cell, Tuft cells have unique morphological and transcriptomic properties
.
Tuft cells constitutively express some key enzymes such as Alox5, COX1, COX2 and Hpgds
.
Pou2f3 is an essential transcription factor (TF) for Tuft cell development
.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (Trpm5) is essential for Tuft cell expansion
.
By single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), intestinal Tuft cells clustered into two independent subpopulations, Tuft-1 and Tuft-2
.
Tuft-1 cells feature genes associated with neuronal development, while Tuft-2 cells are associated with immune responses
.
However, it is unclear how these two Tuft cell subsets function
.
Here, the study identified Sh2d6 as a specific marker for Tuft-2 cells
.
Tuft-2 cells highly express VR Vmn2r26, which senses the bacterial metabolite N-undecanoylglycine (N-C11-G), leading to the production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) to promote mucus secretion from goblet cells to fight bacteria infection
.
Reference message: https://
.
Whether Tuft cells are involved in bacterial eradication remains unclear
.
On March 22, 2022, Fan Zusen and Tian Yong from the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Xiong Zhen, Zhu Xiaoxiao, Geng Jingjing and Xu Yuwei are the co-first authors) published a joint communication on Immunity online entitled "Intestinal Tuft-2 cells exert antimicrobial immunity via Sensing bacterial metabolite N-undecanoylglycine", which identified Sh2d6 as a signature marker of CD45+ Tuft-2 cells
.
Depletion of Tuft-2 cells leads to susceptibility to bacterial infection
.
Tuft-2 cells rapidly expanded in response to bacterial infection and sensed the bacterial metabolite N-undecanoylglycine through the vomeronasal receptor Vmn2r26
.
Mechanistically, Vmn2r26 binds to the N-undecanoylglycine-activated G protein-coupled receptor-phospholipase Cγ2 (GPCR-PLCγ2)-Ca2+ signaling axis to initiate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) production
.
PGD2 enhances goblet cell mucus secretion and induces antimicrobial immunity
.
In addition, Vmn2r26 signaling promoted the expression of the SpiB transcription factor, which is responsible for the development and expansion of Tuft-2 cells in response to bacterial action
.
Taken together, the findings reveal an additional function of Tuft-2 cells in fighting bacterial infection through Vmn2r26-mediated recognition of bacterial metabolites
.
In addition, on March 17, 2022, Fan Zusen, Tian Yong and Ye Buqing of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly communicated (Ye Buqing, Yang Liuliu, Liu Benyu, Liu Nian and Fan Dongdong are the co-first authors) in Cellular & Molecular Immunology (IF=12 ) published a research paper titled "Induction of functional neutrophils from mouse fibroblasts by thymidine through enhancing Tet3 activity" online, which reported for the first time that the metabolite thymidine small molecule can induce the fate transition of fibroblasts to neutrophils, This study provides an experimental basis for obtaining neutrophils in vitro for the treatment of infectious diseases and neutropenia
.
On October 14, 2021, Fan Zusen, Tian Yong and Wang Yanying of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly published an online article entitled "Circular RNA circIPO11 drives self-renewal of liver cancer initiating cells via Hedgehog signaling in Molecular Cancer (IF=27.
40)" ”, which identified highly conserved circRNAs in humans and mice from 3 primary HCC samples by circRNA arrays
.
This study found that CircIPO11 was highly expressed in HCC tumor tissues and liver CSCs
.
CircIPO11 is required for hepatic CSC self-renewal maintenance to initiate HCC development
.
Therefore, circIPO11 and Hedgehog signaling pathways may provide new potential targets for the treatment of HCC patients (click to read)
.
The mammalian gut is not only an organ for absorbing nutrients, but also one of the largest peripheral immune organs
.
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute a barrier surface that separates the mammalian host from the external environment
.
IEC senses the contents of the gut lumen, including nutrients, microbiota, and metabolites, and crosstalks with immune cells in the lamina propria to coordinate gut homeostasis and immunity
.
Tuft cells are a type of epithelial cell found in the epithelial barrier throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, nasal cavity, trachea, and even the thymus
.
Tuft cells are a major source of interleukin 25 (IL-25) in the gut
.
Following helminth infection, IL-25 produced by Tuft cells further activates type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2) to secrete IL-13, which initiates an immune response against the parasite
.
The Tuft cell-ILC2 circuit enhances gut remodeling and mediates type 2 immunity to repel parasites
.
A recent report showed that Tuft cells can synthesize cysteinyl leukotrienes to enhance immunity to helminth infections
.
Intestinal Tuft cells express the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) to sense succinate from Trichomonas and the microbiota
.
Tuft cells also express several other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) and bitter taste receptors (type 2 taste receptors, T2R)
.
T2Rs signal through a G protein cascade to activate Tuft cells against Trichinella infection
.
Tuft-2 cells recognize bacterial metabolites through Vmn2r26 receptors and activate them to generate PGD2, which in turn activate goblet cells to secrete mucus to participate in the clearance of pathogens (Figure from Immunity).
Olfactory receptors are another typical chemosensory GPCR
.
Vomeronasal receptors (VRs) are a unique class of pheromone olfactory receptors
.
VRs are divided into three subfamilies, type I VR (V1R), type II VR (V2R), and formyl peptide receptors (FPR)
.
In addition to the vomeronasal neuroepithelium, FPR is expressed in neutrophils and macrophages, which recognize bacterial formylated peptides to initiate antimicrobial immunity
.
However, the function of olfactory receptors in Tuft cells has remained elusive
.
As a specific type of epithelial cell, Tuft cells have unique morphological and transcriptomic properties
.
Tuft cells constitutively express some key enzymes such as Alox5, COX1, COX2 and Hpgds
.
Pou2f3 is an essential transcription factor (TF) for Tuft cell development
.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (Trpm5) is essential for Tuft cell expansion
.
By single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), intestinal Tuft cells clustered into two independent subpopulations, Tuft-1 and Tuft-2
.
Tuft-1 cells feature genes associated with neuronal development, while Tuft-2 cells are associated with immune responses
.
However, it is unclear how these two Tuft cell subsets function
.
Here, the study identified Sh2d6 as a specific marker for Tuft-2 cells
.
Tuft-2 cells highly express VR Vmn2r26, which senses the bacterial metabolite N-undecanoylglycine (N-C11-G), leading to the production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) to promote mucus secretion from goblet cells to fight bacteria infection
.
Reference message: https://
